3 Non Traditional Religions Voodoo, Spiritualism, Essay Example For Students

3 Non Traditional Religions Voodoo, Spiritualism, Essay CultsReligion is essential specialist of social control in our general public. Because of its mutually held convictions and standards, we have an establishment on which we can rest the laws, values, and the primary regulation, of practically any general public. Here in America, we have colossal opportunity in both setting up and in picking our preferred religion. This opportunity has brought forth numerous non-conventional religions and practices. While talking about the subject of social control and request inside a general public, these non-conventional religions can be utilized unequivocally to realize social change inside an individual then into the populace. On the ascent in our country, is the rise of voodoo rehearses, the faith in mysticism, and numerous gatherings of factions. Every single one of these religions has the extraordinary capacity to impact the person in numerous mental and physical manners, definitely changing a people standards of conduct. While inciting these p rogressions upon the individual, numerous individuals can and typically will, surrender unequivocal misuse of themselves just as their financial assets. Voodoo, whose name got from the African word for soul (Origins of Voodoo), came to us through the European colonization of the West Indies. African clans were coercively dispatched abroad, basically to Haiti and other Caribbean lands, to be utilized as farming slaves. Upon the appearance in their new nation, the slaves were immersed into the Roman Catholic Church. In dread of revolt, the settlers isolated the numerous clans of slaves and had them scattered the whole way across the new land. This outcome was a blend of African slaves, compelled to live respectively, normally adjusting to every others ways of life, propensities, and convictions frameworks. The slaves had to go to a Catholic Mass all the time, be that as it may, huge numbers of the acclimatized clans kept on rehearsing their local religion. At the point when the pilgrims discovered this out, the oppression of numerous African slaves occurred. They were viciously beaten and executed for venerating their own divine beings , and not the one of the Catholic religion. It was through this abuse the clans didn't separate; rather, they met up and framed along with the normal obligation of their religion. The strict convictions and the customs from a considerable lot of the clans started it coordinate, eventually making another religion: Voodoo. Voodoo depends on the appearance of the soul world through the channel of the individual. This is accomplished through the demonstrations of customs in profoundly organized Voodoo functions, which are preformed by a Voodoo Priest. A male minister is alluded to as a Houngan, and a female is alluded to as a Mambo. There are two sorts of Voodoo or enchantment, utilized in Voodoo, White Magic, and Black Magic. White Magic includes the use of candles, oils, plants, and elixirs, to acquire certain things throughout everyday life. For instance, one may join in or play out a White Magic function to acquire influence, love, or cash. This custom or function is utilized in a positive way just, it causes no damage, nor does it represent any danger upon the individual or on others. Dark Magic or Red Voodoo, then again, includes insidious and hurtful acts. Dark enchantment is preformed by a Bokor, which is one who utilizes malicious demonstrations of witchcraft, including passing and zombie curses. A zombie revile includes a custom where the Bokor harms his human subject, bringing about death. Following three days, the dead is restored and turns into the Bokors endless slave (Haitian Voodoo Culture). The supporters of the Voodoo religion put stock in one Supreme Being, named Bondye. Under Bondye, there ar e many minor divine beings and Loas. A Loas alludes to the soul of somebody who has driven a remarkable life. The Loas practice command over nature, wellbeing, riches, satisfaction, and all success of humans. The human supporters and the Laos practice a reliance based relationship with each other. The Loas give flourishing, and the people give food, and other material articles to the Laos as a contribution. The raised areas that are each committed to one explicit Loa are included with candles, photos of the Loa, and whatever else alluding to the Loa. A prime case of a Loa is one named Zaka. Zaka is the god or soul of horticulture; he gives success over the yields of some random land. One should reach this Loa to guarantee plenitude in the years crop. Through the custom and the raised area, one may introduce a contribution of seeds, natural product, or a scoop. Consequently, the Loa will give wellbeing, fortune, and assurance of underhandedness spirits over his devotees. In the principle of Voodoo, the human spirit is comprised of two sections: the Gros-bon-ange and the Ti-bon-age. The Ti-bon-age is the piece of the spirit that leaves the body during rest and the part that can likewise be controlled by a Loa in a function. The Gros-bon-ange is the piece of the spirit, which upon death, rejoins with the sprit world and can be reused. It a typical confidence in Voodoo, that the spirit can be taken over by underhanded spirits when it is liberated from the body. It is through the demonstration of customs in services that a voodoo minister can reach the otherworldly world. A Voodoo service happens in a sanctuary called a Honfor. At the focal point of Honfor is a soul post called a Poto-Mitan. The Poto-Mitan speaks to the focal point of the universe and it is through this post, people can interface with the soul world. A voodoo service has a few key components that make it conceivable to associate with the soul world. A general voodoo function would be car ried on as follows:A gala would be held before the fundamental service. This gala may incorporate the sharing of food, and additionally liquor. The service will them start with the presentation of the Veve pennants or banners. A Hounsis (A Voodoo priestess), will bring these banners out and wave them around to aid the calling of Loa. The banners are made by the Houngan and are made out of silk or glossy silk material. They are enlivened with sequins, dots, and seed pearls. In the interim, out of sight there is a steady musicality of drumbeats. The music and moving assume a significant job in the service. It is through the music that one can be placed into a stupor like state and become controlled by the Loa. Inside the function, there are normally three specific drums utilized. Inside the function, their are commonly three drum utilized. The Manman, which is the biggest of the three, it is around three feet tall, and is pounding standing utilizing a little wooden mallet in one hand and the other exposed hand. The Segond drum, which is around two feet tall, is played by a situated drummer holding the drum between the legs. The drum is pounded utilizing two hands. The littlest drum is named bula. It is beaten utilizing two exceptionally long slight sticks. Moving is performed by the Houngan and Hounsis. The Houngan centers the move around the soul post. It is through the moving of the Houngan that power develops bringing about the Hounsis getting controlled by a loa. The Houngan additionally utilizes the guide of an Asson. An Asson is holy clatter built out of a gourd that is improved with coral and snake bones. The Houngan will likewise make a Veve, which is a sand painting. The Veve is developed on the floor of the Hounfor and is made around the soul post. The Veve is made out of flour or cornmeal and is committed to the Loa in which the function is being carried on. A Voodoo service may incorporate a creature penance. The Houngan may forfeit a goat, sheep, pi g, or chicken to fulfill the appetite of their Loa. The throat of the creature is cut, and the blood is gathered in an exceptional stylized cup, the Hounsis, or individual have, will at that point drink the blood. This is accepted to fulfill the appetite of the Loa. (Vodun (Voodoo))Haiti still remains the prevailing nation wherein Voodoo is drilled in. Voodoo had the option to unite numerous individuals in a period of distress and oppression. Consistently, numerous individuals have languished over their convictions in the Voodoo religion. Voodoo despite everything remains steadfast in numerous societies and is a predominant power in numerous people groups lives. Voodoo envelops the entire family and grasps the impact of progenitors in ones individual life. Voodoo isn't just a religion, however a lifestyle. The utilization of luxurious and visionary conventional services is utilized in numerous non-customary religions to show the domain of the profound world, directly here the charac teristic. As observed, Voodoo has its own particular methods of speaking with the otherworldly domain. Numerous different religions likewise utilize otherworldly things or objects of nature, as methods for rising above into the profound domain; which carries us to the following subject of mysticism. The Prevalent Issues of Surrogate Parenting EssayOut of the a large number of individuals who succumb to the influence of the clique lifestyle, not many departure this way of life. The individuals who do are uncovered with long tern mental impacts, making numerous issues for the person, as they attempt to straighten out to ordinary consistently life. Every now and again, faction survivors at first experience the ill effects of wretchedness. The reality of done having a place with a first class gathering, or not having a feeling of direction inside themselves, makes the people fall into huge burdensome states. The individuals who have been engaged with the faction for at some point will likewise experience the ill effects of dejection, as they have left their previous wellspring of family and kinship. Uncertainty is additionally a significant indication; ordinary choices become confused for this individual since everything had been recently chosen for them (what to wear, what to eat, and so forth.). What's more, dread of their previous clique rules inside them. At the very idea of disloyalty and the forced impacts on the off chance that it, leaves the person with a basic feeling of dread and frailty. Enduring individuals are energetically prescribed to get a type of mental guiding following leaving the religion. The individuals who do get advising have a snappier and a more prominent achievement in converging back

How far are you given the impression that Lady Macbeth is merely a “fiend like queen”? Essay

Malcolm considers Lady Macbeth a â€Å"fiend like queen† as he suspected of her as witch-like. Woman Macbeth depended on a genuine individual, albeit nobody truly knew what her identity was so Shakespeare made up her character and character. Elizabethans had faith in enchantment and black magic and they frequently blamed witches for anything awful that occurred and numerous witches were executed. Rascals and witches were frequently disapproved of, yet Elizabethans truly accepted that black magic was valid as were regularly terrified of witches and beasts as they didn't have the foggiest idea thus dreaded what they may do. A monster is thought to act in a plotting way, they frequently conceal their evilness and plan terrible occasions that they at that point deny or act blameless about later on. In Act one scene 5, Lady Macbeth gets a letter from her better half educating her regarding his achievement in a fight and the witches’ predictions. Subsequent to perusing the letter she is stressed that Macbeth is too delicate an individual to have the option to take the crown and is resolved to help him through the ‘valour of my tongue’. At the point when she hears a message that the King Duncan will remain in their stronghold short-term, she concludes that she needs to make a move with the goal that Macbeth can be above all else. She glories and conjures wicked spirits to solidify her determination and to decimate any shortcoming of pity. Woman Macbeth is as of now arranged for the demise of Duncan and her goals is outright. Macbeth’s seed of desire is catalyzed by his â€Å"fiend like† spouse Lady Macbeth, she uses his frail mental force and sends manipulative strategies to cause him to capitulate to her arrangement of regicide, she says â€Å"L ook like the honest bloom yet be the snake under it† (Act 1 sc 5 line 62). The serpentine symbolism utilized here by Shakespeare demonstrates Macbeth to resemble a â€Å"innocent flower† and Lady Macbeth is viewed as very devil like and as the â€Å"serpent under it†. Macbeth chooses to go to bat for himself without wanting to her, â€Å"we will have no further in this business † (Act 1 sc 5 line 50†²), be that as it may, Lady Macbeth forces him into agreeing to her arrangement demonstrating Macbeth to be the more vulnerable one. Woman Macbeth is viewed as more prevailing and in charge than him, she has control over him and job inversion shows up in this scene. Macbeth’s feeble mental force lets him down as Lady Macbeth exploits and overwhelms him. In this scene, Lady Macbeth seems merciless, completely dedicated and is happy to invest each push to take a stab at the more prominent magnificence of her significant other. She fears that Macbeth will let her down as he is too kind to even think about murdering â€Å"I dread thy nature, it is too full o’th’milk of human kindness† (act 1 sc 5 line 14). She sees his inclination to theorize and think round issues as a critical shortcoming. There is a component of her demeanor emphatically suggestive of the witches â€Å"that I may pour my spirits in thine ear†(Act 1 sc 5 line 24), she wishes to change his character. She conjures the spirits of insidiousness to â€Å"defeminise† her, â€Å"dehumanise† her and for haziness to conceal her arranged activity. Woman Macbeth causes Macbeth to feel like a weakling and questions his manliness and does everything she can to convince Macbeth to slaughter duncan, she undermines him by saying that she won't love him any longer in the event that he doesn't do it and discloses to him that it will be extremely simple, they won't get captured and that there are no dangers. She prevails as he is persuaded and goes through with it. Their customary jobs are turned around in this scene, as she is an exceptionally predominant and tough individual while he appears to be powerless, more vulnerable and all the more mindful. She is extremely unfeminine which might be because of a masculine childhood or the way that she is childless. She appears to be unnatural as a lady as it was consistently the woman’s obligation to have kids and to mind and take care of them. She menaces Macbeth into it by saying that he isn't a man and that he isn't sufficiently able to proceed with it. The language Shakespeare utilizes gives her discourse an exceptional desperation and assurance as she utilizes numerous goals for example fill, come and so forth. At the point when Macbeth shows up, there is little hint of charm from her and she drives him to see himself regarding her arrangement for power. There is extraordinary quickness in her language here â€Å"he that’s coming must be given for† (Act 1 sc 5 line 64) and she tends to him as he had been tended to by the witches. Woman Macbeth quickly comprehends the full ramifications of Macbeth’s letter and her reaction is immediate and inflexible. She needs Macbeth to be what he has guaranteed. No amenities of still, small voice or steadfastness appear to pounce upon her, and it is perceptible how she overpowers her significant other when he shows up. In act 1 scene 7, Lady Macbeth’s savage like and malicious character is obviously appeared. She totally controls Macbeth, she utilizes both her womanliness and her blamelessness as powerful convincing methods when she poses the inquiry â€Å"what brute was’t then That made you break this venture to me?†(Act 1 scene 7 line 46). The way that Lady Macbeth utilizes a female tone and uses her blameless situation here, most likely demonstrates her to be rascal like. This surge of control is reached to a determination when Lady Macbeth gives a pernicious proclamation saying â€Å"I would while the angel was all the while grinning in my face have culled my areola from his boneless gums and ran his cerebrums out had I so sworn as you have done this† (Act 1 sc 7 line 55). This devil like discourse totally resists the hallowed bond among mother and youngster, it additionally in finishes up a discussion in which Macbeth’s position is changed from â€Å"we will continue no further† (Act 1 sc 7 line 31) to â€Å"If we ought to fail† (Act 1 sc 7 line 59) in only twenty seven lines. This variety of influential manipulative procedures is so powerful it without any help overpowers Macbeth and long haul is the impetus for his defeat, accordingly indicating Lady Macbeth’s wanton nature and beast like character. In act 2 scene 2, Lady Macbeth appears to be increasingly questionable, she is apprehensive about the entire circumstance as she pauses, animated by wine having hauled out Duncan’ hirelings, for the arrival of her better half and the finishing of the homicide. Macbeth is practically crazy as it skirts on delirium, he can't remove himself from the scene in Duncan’s room. His better half who, holding onto control of the circumstance, finds that she needs to take the knifes back as Macbeth has evacuated them. She censures him. He can't come back to the area of the wrongdoing, as his perspective is so awful. The outrageous pressure is imparted to the crowd and Shakespeare does this well by the unexpected alters of course in the discourse of characters, the interferences â€Å"knock [within]†, the abrupt clamors, â€Å"[an owl shrieks]†, the inquiries and the outcries â€Å"Who’s there? What ho?† and â€Å"Murder!†. A thumping sound is heard and Lady Macbeth drives Macbeth out to wash the blood off his mind. The crowd feels caught in Macbeth’s anguish and, similar to Lady Macbeth, we battle to feel in charge of the circumstance. The way that Lady Macbeth required some liquor previously shows the crowd that she isn't as extreme and as full as mental fortitude and she describes. She wonderfully takes the knifes back. Woman Macbeth, notwithstanding some anxious anxiety, is the means by which she was described as in Act 1 scene 5 as she is strong, elated and brags about figuring out how to sedate the gatekeepers, she appears in full oversight of her and her better half †who manages the circumstance severely. She says that she would have had the option to submit the homicide herself on the off chance that it wasn’t for the way that Duncan was resting which helped her to remember her dad. Obviously she was extremely near her dad perhaps making her have some manly characteristics about her. Her status of brain and quality of direction makes up for the manner in which Macbeth acts and neglects to do what was asked of him. This regret appeared by Macbeth demonstrates his still dynamic soul in any case, it is subdued by Lady Macbeth when she says â€Å"These deeds must not be thought after it will make us mad†(act 2 scene 2 line 67). This reasonable articulation implies Macbeth can't currently free him from this descending cycle he has set out headed for extreme disappointment and now should capitulate to his desire. Ironicly Lady Macbeth envisions that washing the blood of ones hands will free the blame that is in ones brain, in any case, it is she who at long last can deal with this hypothesis and can't wash her hands clean. Her brutal remark towards Macbeth â€Å"infirm of purpose!† causes issues down the road for her, as he fortifies in underhanded determination, she turns out to be frantically self-destructive †foreseen in her cavalier remark â€Å"so, it will make us mad†. In Act 2 scene 3, the news is talked about. Woman Macbeth blacks out, and it isn't clear why she seems to do as such. Ladies in that day realized how to swoon very well at precisely the ideal time so as to escape an unsavory circumstance, for example, when a male communicated an indecency in her quality, individuals would not really accept that her black out was something other than an open motion. Another perspective on is that Macbeth had quite recently committed a major error, and so as to help him by diverting the consideration away from him onto her, she blacks out. In any case, she may have swooned because of the anxiety of the circumstance, so she may have not expected to do it. In Act 3 scene 2, Lady Macbeth understands that the arrangement for fulfillment that her and Macbeth looked for had not been accomplished. She turns out to be less and less rascal like because of her soul â€Å"haunting† her, she even goes similarly as saying â€Å"here’s the smell of blood still, not all the aromas of Arabia will improve this little hand†.

Breathless

Breathless On a weekday, I meet my friend Alberto H. ‘17, who I haven’t seen in a long while, for dinner. We live farther away from each other this year, and we’re all always busy, so this is, surprisingly, a rare chance. I ask him how his life’s been lately. He pulls out his cellphone, and explains his life to me in terms of his calendar schedule, which has everything on it from important academic and club activities to hangout time with friends. His whole life is parsed out into little hour and half-hour red blocks, many of which overlap. He talks me through how this week he’s been working with minority high school students visiting campus, TA-ing for a class or two, and applying to grad school a year early (because he is “one of those”, you might say). He runs through his hangouts at Wellesley with his friends there, tells me about his girlfriend, and we both get excited about the Amharic class he’s taking at Harvard. On our way out of the dining hall, I stop to get some coffee and he chats with a friend he runs into, and they start arguing about some physics test or pset question (he’s Course 8: Physics). “It’ll be 1/e, I’m sure of it!”, he yells back to her as we walk out. “I’m sad”, I say, “I feel like I haven’t seen you guys at all this year,” referring to our mutual group of friends who are all staying in the Hyatt. “Yeah,” he says, “and I might go to Italy for IAP. We’re all busy.” There’s a moment of quiet, after all the rapid talking we’ve been doing to catch up. “Love you bye!” he shouts, giving me a hug and leaving to go do whatever small, red block he’s got next. As I walk back to my dorm, I bump into one of my housemates, who tells me about her worries about her relationship. She doesn’t want to make it sound like her boyfriend is an extracurricular activity, but at the end of the day, she’s been stressed out trying to keep up with everythingclasses, activities, applicationsand she doesn’t know how to tactfully ask him to let her focus on her busy career and academic life for a second. A Facebook post from my friend, Pedro P. ‘17: “I didnt know I could run at this speed. Im on pace to have the busiest and most productive week of my life”. Yet another busy, hard working friend says while we are psetting 2.001 together, “I feel like it’s not just class that makes college hardif it were just school, I could handle it, but there’s all this other stuff on top of that”. She’s worried about being able to get a job to help pay for school, on top of doing a lot of great things with culture and advocacy clubs on campus. And I, myself? I was originally going to write and publish this post earlier, but this past week I became avalanched with work. I haven’t been posting as many blogs as I used to. I was feeling unwell and sick over the weekend, so I didn’t accomplish very much. Even though we had the day off Monday, all of my work was due on Tuesday, except 6.005, which I took an extension on. I slept four hours every night this week. Today, Friday, I’m really, really feeling the results. I planned to go to sleep and wake up early to do my 2.001 pset before it was duealas, my body betrayed me (or rather, revolted against my absurd demands of it) and I slept through my alarm. I woke up an hour and a half before class, wrote down some equations after looking through our class discussion site and handed whatever I had in. I could use this post as a platform to rant about why 6.005 should really be considered 22 credits instead of 12, but hold on. What most people don’t seem to understandboth about themselves and about othersis that even if you love what you do, that doesn’t mean it’s not hard, and that it can’t hurt you. You still need to separately take care of yourself, your social life, and your physical health apart from your passionswhich is what I’m now realizing. Even though I think this last week I’ve gotten the least amount of sleep than I ever have in maybe my whole life, and literally spent every other non-sleeping hour working (80% of which was on 6.005) I still, still think it’s a lot better than my freshman year here, and it’s been really incredible being able to do and accomplish everything that I have. I like my work a lot. Coding in 6.005 has become really interesting and intriguing, and my Mech E. classes make me appreciate math again (if only slightly). Being on the Chinese Students Club exec board has always been great, and I have a much better appreciation for the community that it provide s this year. The UROP I’m beginning in the MIT Media Lab is fascinating and, I think, will teach me a lot of practical skills. I’ve also been working a Federal Work Study job with a nonprofit called Be More America, which aims to solve racial inequalities in health care. As someone interested in advocacy and similar problems, I find the work fulfilling and the discussions interesting. I recently received an email question from John Clarke, of Virginia Tech. “What is the workload like?” is also a question of, “what counts as work?” Even when it comes to the actual, definite, academic workload, a lot of people really do like their classes. For me, spring semester freshman year was definitely an academic fire hose/waterfall/field of fire and flames/what have you, but sophomore year is a little different. I like my classes so much more; I actually want to learn and understand the material (which sadly I could not say was true of some of the general classes like 18.03), and I do feel I’m doing better in them than before, too. I don’t think there’s anyway for MIT to not be hard, but I actually think a lot of people take on, intentionally, more than they have to. Joining a club or community, for example, is not at all a requirement. Having a job is a gray areamany people really do need them to help pay for personal expenses, but sometimes some students just want to be a TA or do community service work study, and the money earned is more of a bonus than the main attraction, an addition to what they earned over the summer. And there’s a term, “FOMO”, or “Fear of Missing Out”, that I think also describes a lot of peopleit’s difficult to say “no” to things when actually, you really do want to do them, but simply don’t have the time. There are 1) only so many hours in a day and 2) we have physical limits (which I’ve been recently both pushing and discovering) (which is probably bad). We all have our different ways of balancing, however precariously, life and school. Except it’s not really just life and school. School isn’t really just schoolit’s classes you have to take, yes, but it’s also really cool research, projects you are passionate about, things that genuinely excite you and you really feel motivated to put time into. Then, there are clubs and communities: culture clubs, Greek life, student committees and executive boards you are on to try to help actually effect change or make a difference in this community, on issues that you care about. Groups where your obligation is not a grade, but your commitment to the community, and your relationships with others. Lastly, there are the least structured commitments, and therefore sometimes the areas that take the most hits: family, friendships, relationships. It’s best if you can work those last three things into academic and community lifehang out with your fraternity brothers at a house meeting, catch u p with a classmate at a BSU barbecue, whisper about your summer activities with an old floormate during a Course 2 advising presentation. But sometimes you can’t. It’s difficult to make time for people. The people in my life are very important to me, and I try very hard to make time to maintain my relationships with them. I try to have rulesfor example, if my time is not directly and definitely occupied (i.e, I would be doing something or other but I don’t actually have a scheduled commitment) I don’t refuse an invitation from someone to hang out. I’ll never refuse lunch or a coffee run. If I am busy, I try to find a way to visit/hang out/eat food later the same day or the next. But sometimes, some of my friends that have also been operating in their own spheres of academics, communities, activities, life. Instead, I need to extend invitations to them sometimes, and it takes extra effort to remember to do this. And sometimes, while we are together, they are still checking their email, updating calendars, fitting everything into everything else a little bit too tightly, so that school and clubs overflows into hangout time. It’s a weird mix of being honestly, genuinely happy, and yet feeling stressed about workload and time. This is the most rigorous and exciting challenge of our whole life thus far. College students (all college students) are high capacity individuals, pushed to the highest limits of their capacity. It is exciting to have to use your brain that way, to stretch your mind in corners you didn’t know existed in your skull, to just grow, soaking up all this knowledge and all these experiences. To learn so quickly that you look back and realize you sort-of-mastered Python in only three weeks, which you could not have done in any other environment. To see your ideas for your clubs and communities actually happen, to hold that event, to start that new student group, to actually have participation from a lot of people. Sometimes people clamoring, slow down for your own good! (although they are perfectly right) dont realize that for many of us, this is what we want to be doing. This is what we came here to do. It’s just that, at least on occasion, we need to slow down, and stop, and breathe. (A view from the boat where MITCSC held our Utopia event. When we pulled back into the harbor I took a moment just to look at everything, between all the craziness of planning.)   Note: I posted a more poetic version of this post on Tumblr, if youd like to see it, its here Note #2: Im posting this as-is (typos and all) to reflect my mental state as I was writing it throughout the week Note #3: 6.005 really should be 22 credits -___-

Pecking Trade Off Theory - 2114 Words

Analyse the pecking order and the trade-off theories of capital structure and assess the extent to which these are supported by the empirical evidence. Pecking Order - Introduction The pecking order theory ( Donaldson 1961) of capital structure is among the most influential theories of corporate leverage. The pecking order theory is based on different of information between corporate insiders and the market. According to Myers (1984), due to adverse selection, firm prefer internal to external finance. If internal finance proves insufficient, bank borrowings and corporate bonds are the preferred source of external source of finance. After exhausting both of these possibilities, the final and least preferred source of finance is†¦show more content†¦For example, if the public thinks that the firm’s prospects are rosy but the managers see trouble ahead, these managers would view their debt-as well as their equity-as being overvalued. That is, the public might see the debt as nearly risk- free, whereas the mangers see a strong possibility of default. If external financing is required, the â€Å"safest† securities, namely debt, are issued first. Although investors fear mispricing of both debt and equity, the fear is much greater for equity. Corporate debt still relatively little risk compared to equity because, if financial distress is avoided, investors receive a fixed return.. Thus, the pecking order theory implies that, if outside financing required, debt should be issued before equity. Only when the firm’s debt capacity is reached should the firm consider equity. Also, the stock market tends to react negatively to announcements of new common stock offerings, whereas debt security announcement tend to have little impact on stock prices. As a additional external financing is needed, the firm will work down the pecking order – from safe to more risky debt, then possibly to convertible debt, and finally to common equity as a last resort. Empirical Specification A recent strand of the empirical literature attempts to design a test for the pecking order (Shyam-Sunder and Myers, 1999; Frank and Goyal, 2003; Watson and Wilson,2002;Lemmon and Zender,2003). Shyam-Sunder and Myers(1999)Show MoreRelatedAnalysis of Trade-Off and Pecking Order Theory on Companys Capital Structure2615 Words   |  11 PagesIntroduction In many recent studies, it has a growing concern whether pecking order or trade-off theory can give better determination on firms’ â€Å"optimal† capital structure in different scenarios. In trade-off theory, it helps to determine the debt proportion and maintain optimal balance in order to maximise company’s market value. 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Trade off theory is the assumption that bankruptcy costs do indeed exist. In its most simple form, it states that the advantage to financing with debt is the tax deduction of interest accrued, and the disadvantage toRead MoreEuropean Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences2462 Words   |  10 PagesCapital Structure Theories: Are the Models’ Assumptions Correctly Specified? Carmen Cotei Department of Economics, Finance and Insurance University of Hartford, 200 Bloomfield Ave., West Hartford, CT, 06117, USA E-mail: cotei@hartford.edu Joseph Farhat Department of Finance Central Connecticut State University, 1615 Stanley St., New Britain, CT 06050, USA E-mail: farhatjob@ccsu.edu Abstract In this study, we investigate the models used in testing the trade-off and pecking order theories. SpecificallyRead MoreBusiness Analysis : Sourcing And Managing Funds1196 Words   |  5 Pagesdetermined by dividing the firms sales revenue by its EBIT (earnings before interest and taxes). 2) Financial Leverage- It represent the relationship between EBIT and PAT i.e. EBIT/earning available by ordinary share holders. II. Capital structure theories- 1) Net income approach- According to this approach the cost of debt and the cost of equity remain unchanged when that equity ratio varies. Therefore WACC declines with an increase in that equity ratio. In this approach it is consider that the debtRead MoreTesting of Pecking Order Theory in Pakistan3284 Words   |  14 PagesThis study tests the Pecking Order Theory for the capital structure of listed firms in Pakistan. As per Pecking Order Theory in capital structure formulation internally generated resources would have first priority followed by debt issuance where as equity is used as last resort. In its strong form, the Pecking Order Theory sustains that equity issues would never occur, whereas in its weak form, limited amounts of issues are acceptable. The methodology adopted in this empirical study involves cross-section

What Makes A Good Writing - 1588 Words

Successful authors go through many great lengths in order to make great quality writing , but it s hard to say what considers being good writing. Defining what is considered to be good writing can have many different meanings. It can depend on many different factors like the quality of the writing the word choices, style and how it grabs the reader s attention. My theory of writing is that in order to make good writing you first have to think about the reader and next you consider why you are writing at all. When you are writing you have to make sure that you are answering the reader question. You always have to be able to anticipate the reader questions, and be able to be one step ahead. You have to know why you are writing in the first place so knowing the purpose of the writing is a good start. The two things you should take into account at all times when you are writing who is the audience, the purpose you must be fully aware of these two things so, you don t get off topic. It re quires your full attention in order to be successful at writing and you can’t talk about too many different things. You have to make sure that your writing is not to board because if it is you can get lost of the main focus of the paper. I understood that in order to make good writing you have to have no errors it has to be perfect. The paper has to be free of any grammar mistakes, surface errors, clichà ©s, it cannot be full of mistakes. Your style of writing is very important it can alwaysShow MoreRelated What Makes Good Writing? Essay612 Words   |  3 Pagesits an opinion, and there are very many types of writing. Different structures, ideas, metaphors, and concepts. You have to remember to ask, whether the writing in itself is good in my point of view or not, has to answer to my specific guidelines which in your case might not be the same. The first and foremost of the many guidelines is how the author sets up the introductory sentence or better yet, the hook. 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Why Did the Founding Fathers Create a Constitution Based Free Essays

Why did the founding fathers create a constitution based on the ideas of separation of powers, checks and balances, federalism and the bill of rights? The founding fathers wanted to create a constitution because many believed that the national government had to be stronger than what it had been with the use of the Articles of Confederation. But at the same time they were fearful of human nature and how often it could be seen in the history of other countries such as Britain, for people in the position of power to infringe on the rights of others, by becoming hungry with power. Taking this into account, they wanted to create a government with another power to keep order and to govern. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Did the Founding Fathers Create a Constitution Based or any similar topic only for you Order Now But also make sure there were sufficient checks put in place so that the government could never exercise power that threatens individual liberties. The constitution created a government with a written set of rules to follow which it could not infringe upon. This in itself was one way to create a limited government, which is a main factor in why the founding fathers created a constitution. The Founding fathers also wanted to divide power in different ways, in another attempt to prevent its future abuse. The three main concepts within the constitution are separation of powers, cheques and balances, and federalism. The founding fathers originally debated where power should ultimately lie; Alexander Hamilton suggested that a unitary system would be the best. This is where the power lies with the central authority; many knew that this would never work, as the country is far too big and diverse. There were even hints at a monarchy but George Washington quickly made his feelings on the idea open. It is an idea I must view with adherence and reprimand with severity’ George mason on the other hand was in support of a confederate system, this is where the states would be split up , and then all have to agree on individual issues. There are very few examples of a confederate system working, and it is clear to see why it would not work in in America, as it would be very di fficult to get all the states to agree on individual issues, due to the diversity of the country. The solution to this problem was suggested by James Madison, which was quite simply a mixture of the two systems unitary and confederate. This is where power is divided between central and state government. National or delegated powers are powers only exercised by the national government, examples of this today would be the right to print money, and the right to declare war. Some examples of concurrent or shared powers are the right to borrow money, and make and enforce law. An example of a state or reserved power is the right to regulate intrastate commerce or create corporation laws. This was done for two main reasons, the first being to limit centralised power, and presidential power, and secondly so that states would agree to the constitution. The states also agreed for two other reasons , one being the Connecticut compromise, and the other being the Bill of rights , which most American historians just count as part of the original constitution, but it wasn’t actually added till 4 years later, Madison claimed it was important as ‘You must specify your liberties’. The Connecticut compromise was created to keep the small states happy, so that they would agree to the constitution. The geographically small states wanted representation based on population, not on size of state, when the biggest states with the smallest population wanted it to be based on the flat rate. So the political compromise was that in the House of Representatives, representation was based on population, and in the senate it was based on the geographical size of a state. The bill of rights is a document that American historians claim is part of the original constitution, although it was sent off to the individual states 4 years later. It was there to clearly show the rights of the people, so that they could never be taken away. The 1st amendment included freedoms such as freedom of assembly and free speech or the 2nd amendment which is the right for everyone to bear arms. It is often shouted out by gun associations when the government tries to put restrictions on the ownership of guns. The founding fathers put this in place so that it would outline in more the detail the precise freedoms of the people, which also helped to convince the smaller states. The constitution splits the power given to national government into three branches, which are separate from each other: the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary. The separation of powers was based on the ideas of Montesquieu, with him ‘L’esprit de lois’ which means the spirit of the law. The executive plays the role of administrating law. The president does this in many ways , for example he; executes federal laws and programs, conducts foreign policy , commands the armed forces, negotiates treaties and other such roles. Checks and balances another main factor of the constitution comes in here, as the people get to keep a check on the president every 4 years with the presidential election, which stops any tyranny of powers. This can also be seen in another branch of government. The legislature passes law, this is done through congress. Congress is made up of the Senate and the House of Representatives. Its roles include; regulating interstate and foreign commerce , creating and maintaining the armed forces , printing money, declaring war , and other such roles. The power here is limited in two ways, which is exactly what the founding fathers wanted; it’s done through a 6 year change of the senate, which rotates 1/3 of its members for election every 2 years. This is also done in the House of Representatives, as they have to run for re-election every 2 years, this means that representatives have to get things the public want done, or they can just be kicked out. This keeps power in the hands of the many, which is also how they wanted to constitution to work. The last branch is the Judiciary, its role is to interpret and enforce the law. It is able to stay separate from the other branches, as it operates heavily outside the government, but also because ‘nothing maintains the independence of the judiciary more than its permanency in office’. It is also tied to the other two branches, as if the president wants to pass a law, it must get through congress and through the Supreme Court, as they can rule it unconstitutional, so the founding fathers created a system so that every branch was a check on each other, this also creates a system, where politics becomes the art of compromise. This system of checks and balances means that all the branches have to work together, and have to compromise. Congress holds its check on the president in different ways, such as; Congress is able to impeach and remove a president, although impeachment does require a 2/3 majority of house, and removal 2/3 of the senate. Congress can also override a presidential veto, this also requires a 2/3 majority in both houses, but this system means that no one branch can hold far more power than another which is another example of why the founding fathers chose such a system. It also holds other powers such as rejecting treaties which limits presidential foreign policy. Congress also holds checks over the judiciary. It can do this by proposing constitutional amendments, and impeaching and removing judges with the 2/3 majority in the senate. This also shows us that the judiciary can never hold too much power over the president or congress, which is another example of how the founding fathers wanted the constitution to work. There are also powers given to the other two branches of government, which help to keeps checks, so that they can all counter each other with enough majority. But a problem with this is that it can lead to political gridlock, and this means very little can get done, which is not what the founding fathers intended. To conclude, the founding fathers created a constitution that meant that power could never be held within the hands of the few, but with the many. It also created checks on power in every branch of government, not just from the people, but from the branches themselves acting as checks against each other. They had wanted to create a system that worked this way, because of the tyranny that could be seen in other countries. This is why George Washington destroyed any idea of a monarchy, he wanted the United States of America to be founded on principles the promoted compromise, and freedom, and equality. It was also meant to act as a block on any future tyranny, or corruption of power, but it also creates problems in itself, as it can lead to political gridlock, but no political system is perfect. How to cite Why Did the Founding Fathers Create a Constitution Based, Papers

The Scarlet Letter Puritan Society Essay Example For Students

The Scarlet Letter Puritan Society Essay ?In Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter, life iscentered around a rigid Puritan society in which one isunable to divulge his or her innermost thoughts and secrets. Every human being needs the opportunity to express how he orshe truly feels, otherwise the emotions are bottled up untilthey become volatile. Unfortunately, Puritan society did notpermit this kind of expression, thus characters had to seekalternate means to relieve their personal anguishes anddesires. Luckily, at least for the four main characters,Hawthorne provides such a sanctuary in the form of themysterious forest. Hawthorne uses the forest to provide akind of shelter for members of society in need of a refugefrom daily Puritan life. In the deep, dark portions of the forest, many of thepivotal characters bring forth hidden thoughts and emotions. The forest track leads away from the settlement out into thewilderness where all signs of civilization vanish. This isprecisely the escape route from strict mandates of law andreligion, to a refuge where men, as well as women, can openup and be themselves. It is here that Dimmesdale openly acknowledges Hester and his undying love for her. It is alsohere that Hester can do the same for Dimmesdale. Finally, itis here that the two of them can openly engage inconversation without being preoccupied with the constraintsthat Puritan society places on them. To independent spiritssuch as Hester Prynnes, the wilderness beckons her: Throwoff the shackles of law and religion. What good have theydone you anyway? Look at you, a young and vibrant woman,grown old before your time. And no wonder, hemmed in, as youare, on every side by prohibitions. Why, you can hardly walkwithout tripping over one commandment or another. Come tome, and be masterless. (p.186) Truly, Hester takes advantage of this, whe n ArthurDimmesdale appears. She openly talks with him about subjectswhich would never be mentioned in the town. What we didshe reminds him, had a consecration of its own. We felt itso! We said to each other! This statement shocks Dimmesdaleand he tells Hester to hush. Had they been in the town andoverheard, the minister would be put to death. Realizingthat, in the open environment of the forest, he can expresshis true emotions. Dimmesdale can say and do things heotherwise might not be able to. The thought of Hester andDimmesdale having an intimate conversation in the confinesof the society in which they live is incomprehensible. Yethere, in the forest, they can throw away all reluctance andfinally be themselves under the umbrella of security whichexists. In Puritan society, self reliance is stressed amongmany other things. However, self reliance is more thanstressed- it is assumed. It is assumed that you need onlyyourself, and therefore should have no emotional necessityfor a should er to cry on. Once again, for people in thestations of life which Hester and Dimmesdale hold, it would be unthinkable for them to comfort each other. Yet, inthe forest, these cares are tossed away. Be thou strong forme, Dimmesdale pleads. Advise me what to do. (p. 187)This is a cry for help from Dimmesdale, finally admitting hecannot go through this ordeal by himself. With this pleacomes an interesting sort of role-reversal. When Dimmesdaleasks for help, he is no longer sustaining the belief that heis above Hester. He is finally admitting that she is anequal, or even that she is above him. This is possibly oneof the reasons that Puritans wont accept these emotional displays- because the society is so socially oriented. .u2449a88c0f42a1478c61f5a6d0d60b47 , .u2449a88c0f42a1478c61f5a6d0d60b47 .postImageUrl , .u2449a88c0f42a1478c61f5a6d0d60b47 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2449a88c0f42a1478c61f5a6d0d60b47 , .u2449a88c0f42a1478c61f5a6d0d60b47:hover , .u2449a88c0f42a1478c61f5a6d0d60b47:visited , .u2449a88c0f42a1478c61f5a6d0d60b47:active { border:0!important; } .u2449a88c0f42a1478c61f5a6d0d60b47 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2449a88c0f42a1478c61f5a6d0d60b47 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2449a88c0f42a1478c61f5a6d0d60b47:active , .u2449a88c0f42a1478c61f5a6d0d60b47:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2449a88c0f42a1478c61f5a6d0d60b47 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2449a88c0f42a1478c61f5a6d0d60b47 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2449a88c0f42a1478c61f5a6d0d60b47 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2449a88c0f42a1478c61f5a6d0d60b47 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2449a88c0f42a1478c61f5a6d0d60b47:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2449a88c0f42a1478c61f5a6d0d60b47 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2449a88c0f42a1478c61f5a6d0d60b47 .u2449a88c0f42a1478c61f5a6d0d60b47-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2449a88c0f42a1478c61f5a6d0d60b47:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Skoda Auto - International Business EssayHester, assuming a new position of power, gives a heartfelt,moving speech. The eloquence of her words cannot beoveremphasized, and a more powerful statement had yet to bemade in the book. Hesters speech turns out to bear aremarkable resemblance to one of Dimmesdales sermons. Begin all anew! Preach! Write! Act!(p. 188) Thequestions she asks are also like the articulate questionswhich Dimmesdale would pose during his sermons. The answeris obvious, yet upon closer examination they seem to giveunexpected results. Whither leads yonder forest-track?Backward to the settlement, thou sayest! Yea; but onward,too! Deeper it goes, and deeper into the wilderness until, some few miles hence, the yellow leave will show no vestige of the white mans tread. (p. 187) If one looksat the title of this chapter, the meaning becomes muchclearer. The Pastor and His Parishioner reveals

Essay on Rap Music free essay sample

Rap Is a popular type of music in todays society, but It didnt Just come to be. In the sasss rap emerged from other types of music to become what it is today. Rap is influenced and inspired by other types of music. Its influences are closely related to each other. Rap music has derived from various types of music.In a world In which people are constantly confronted with violent acts such as rape, assault, murder, school shootings and other violences, society is eager and anxious to find and remove all causes of these cultural Ills, All the blame can not be put on one particular hinge but a heavier degree of blame can be put on one thing. Some of the violent acts listed above are expressed through music. Gangster rap, which followed rap music, developed In the sasss. Though the Immaturity and lack of teaching morals has an impact on how we view and take in things, the context of gangster rap presents a negative image for people in society. We will write a custom essay sample on Essay on Rap Music or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Rap music has derived from other music categories. Rap is an integral part of this subculture that did not evolve or exist in isolation from its other major components (CTD. In Rhodes). One of the first musical Influences on rap music Is hip pop. Hip hop is comprised of graffiti, break dancing, attitude and the dress of the people who listened to it. The start of hip hop, along with rap, can be located in the Bronx of New York. There were three major events that occurred in the Bronx that contributed to the hip hop subculture. The first event was the building of an expressway through the Bronx.This plan was carried out by the 1 959 Parks Commissioner, Robber Moses. This expressway ran through the heart of the Bronx. Italians, Germans, Irish and Jews disappeared from the Bronx. They were replaced by poor blacks and Hispanics. As a result, crime, drug addiction, and unemployment sky rocketed. Robber Moses continued to put out projects that slowly changed the Bronx as it was previously known. He built a 15,382 unit apartment complex in 1968. This event took away from the majority of the middle class that was left In the Bronx. These apartment complexes brought high vacancies and landlords began selling out to professional slumlords.They were built on the north edge of the Bronx near the newly built expressway. Because of high vacancies in these new apartments, old, occupied buildings on the Bronx deteriorated. The last major event also brought the graffiti aspect of hip hop Into light. We can write a custom essay on Rap for you! A group of seven teenage boys terrorized Broadband Project in New York. This may not seem important, but this group of teenagers laid the groundwork for a surge of street gang activity that would overwhelm the Bronx for the next six years (CTD. In Rhodes).This group of boys was called the Savage Seven but later changed to the Black Spades. At night, street gangs were found on many street corners. Many toys real name is Kevin Donovan), became a member of the Black Spades. The name he eave himself meant affectionate leader. He later became a musician but left his gang days behind him and built a positive youth group called the Zulu Nation, which is still in effect today. Gangs in New York reached a peak in 1973. They declined because of drugs, other rival gangs or people Just losing interest. Women involved in gangs left them to have kids and start families.Times were beginning to change. People became more involved in the dancing club scene. They wanted to dance and have fun. This interest of dancing and getting involved in music contributed to the hip hop culture. Another important aspect of hip hop is graffiti. Graffiti dated back to World War II. Someone wrote, Killer was here during the war in many different places throughout the country (CTD. In Rhodes). In the toasts, street gangs used graffiti for self promoting, territory boundaries and intimidation. Graffiti writing was used with spray paint until the asss when magic markers were invented.This act was strictly limited to artists only at first. Style and originality were important in writing. Graffiti writing wasnt Just an act of fun. It was taken very seriously. By the late sasss graffiti writing could be mound on subway cars, trains, buildings and any other large objects that would allow it to be widely visible. Jamaican music and hip hop can be referred to as cousins. One style of Jamaican music is called toasting. At first Jamaican toasting began when Ads would toast over the music they played with simple slogans to encourage the dancers. Some of these simple slogans were Work it, Work it and Move it up (CTD in Rhodes). The term toast meant words or slogans that a DC would say over the music to encourage dancers. These words spoken over music were related to words spoken over music in AP. Unlike these simple words and slogans that Jamaican used, the words used over music in rap are more developed. Jamaican disc Jockeys talked over the music they played. Music in Jamaica was played at blues dances. Blues dances took place in large halls or slum yards. As toasting popularity increased, so did the lengths of toasts. Shortly after toasting came dubbing. Ads that dubbed cut back and forth between vocal and instrumental tracks while adjusting bass and treble. Rap and toasting both rely on pre recorded sounds. You need a strong beat rapped and a strong beat toasted. Rap relies more on a hard funk strong beat while Jamaican relied on beat from Jamaican rhythms. In both of these types of music there is a rapper (or toaster) that speaks in time with the rhythm. The content of raps and toasts were also similar.When you look back on hip hop and Jamaican music, they are greatly similar to rap and you can understand how rap came to be. Granted they had their own styles, speeds and sounds of there music but the general ideas of Jamaican, hip hop and rap are the same. As mentioned and enforced above, rap has had musical impacts on it to make it what it is today. In the late sasss rap took another step into gangster rap. Gangster rap mainstream of the music world, it was less violent. Pop rap for example appealed to mainstream America. It sold quite a few albums. These artists consisted of Will Smith, M.C. Hammer, Young MAC, and Puff Daddy. These artists are considered cross over artists because they took rap from strictly rhyming to pop music. However, these same artists have also been accused of selling out because their music is seen as feel-good music that emphasizes tenability over rhyme skills (CTD. In Kelley). Rap music took a step in a positive direction by the acts of Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five. These artists were the first group effectively use rap for a social and political message. The type of music they releases expressed Black Nationalist ideologies.It discussed racism and made reference to Martin Luther King Jar. Chuck D is not the only person who believes that some rap songs successfully pass on a social or political message to young, and the more people- black or white-that listen to a song, the greater the possibility someone will hear its political message (CTD. In Kelley). All rap music does not present a negative image. Some artists use rap powerful means of expression, to express the troubles in the country, was to fix them and their ideas on issues. Political rap is an example of such music.Political rap is a method of conveying political statement and promoting a world view that [isnt] reflected in the mainstream media which doesnt contain explicit, appalling lyrics. Not all rap music can present positive images to society. Listeners to political rap that pay close attention to lyrics can gain something where as, close attention to gangster rap may not be advantageous. Rap music, especially gangster rap, seems to be African American dominate. Through Sound-Scan statistics, its shown that white, predominantly suburban male teens purchase a great deal of gangster rap (CTD. N Kelley). Gangster rap originates from the West Coast and started in the late eighties. Ice-T and N. W. A were artists that started this soon to be dominate music. Gangster music uses a great deal of profanity to illustrate the life of poor, downtrodden communities. If everything in society could be perfect, people would live with the right states of mind and know right from wrong. They would be bale to take in everything they learn ND hear and be able to dispose of anything destructive from their minds. That would be the ideal society, but it Just doesnt exist.People, especially adolescents hear things. They really absorb the knowledge they gain and take it as acceptable. Gangster rap today sends out negative messages. There is absolutely no doubt in my mind that rap music spurs violence (CTD. In Kelley). This statement was made by John Norton, the Public Safety Commissioner. Rap music isnt the only type of music that has promoted violence, but it is the one that has the most negative feed back. From the asss rock to present day rap concerts, here have been brawls, shootings and other criminal activities.Violence will exist no matter where you go. The problem is that, unlike the asss rock, rap is greatly Even one of the first big rap tours, Run-Dams Raising Hell tour, had to deal with unruly fans. Time Magazine described an incident that occurred on Run-Dams Long Beach, California tour top where more than 300 members of black and Hispanic street gangs swarmed through the crowed, attacking everyone around them(CTD. In Kelly 36- 37). Rap videos show the alcohol, violence and sex in their videos but rarely show the attention long term outcomes that these behaviors can produce.A study of high exposure to rap music videos was composed for young African American female adolescents. The girls in this study lived in monaural, lower socioeconomic neighborhoods (CTD. In NBC 1). They researched over 500 females from the ranging ages of 14 to 18. Hitting of teachers, fighting, arrest, alcohol, drugs, multiple sex partners, condom use and possible Studs, were properties they looked for in the females after 12 months. After this study was complete it was showed that people were three times more likely to hit a teacher and 2. Mimes as likely to be arrested if they were exposed to 14 or more hours of rap per week compared with people that had less exposure to rap music. Adolescents who frequently watched rap videos were also twice as likely to have multiple sexual partner and more than 1. 5 times as likely to acquire an SST, use drugs and use alcohol during the 12 month study (CTD. In NBC 1). This study showed the negative effects of rap music on the adolescent mind. Adolescents, more than adults, tend to copy and accept as normal what they see. They grow up with these ideas. It becomes a continuing cycle.In this day in age, rap has changed in so many more ways than one. From the start of rap in the asss to its transformation to today, rap has earned a first name; Gangster Rap. It has become a way of life for many fans and can be considered misunderstood. Rap was a means of expressions. Artists could put how they felt out on a record the share it with the world. Positive rap music such as political rap expressed non violent ways. Some rappers are blamed for violence because they praise their gangster way of life. Everyone has the right the express themselves freely. Gangster rappers dont choose to express themselves in the best way.They know what they are trying got say and do it the way they feel will be most effective, but rap today is out of control. It is having a negative impact on society. Rap started as a peaceful way of expression. Rap music still result in violence, but that was Just problems within people themselves. From the late sasss when rap emerged, to today-2003- rap has changed for the worse. There are still rap artists that preach peaceful expressions. If you turn on a radio, you are most likely to hear gangster rap. It has become very popular and is constantly on the top of the charts.It is very popular amongst people. The majority of gangs you see today listen to rap music to this are exposed to violence, guns, drugs, alcohol and females see women on TV and think this is the way to dress and act. They think this is what they are supposed to look like. If adolescents today grow up listening to rap, learning about violence, guns and drugs, and are exposed to all this, what will they teach their kids? How will we evolve in years to come? Rap and its content is not the only blame for the violence in todays society, but improvements in it can make the difference.

Free Essays on Dell

Dell Computer Corporation SYNOPSIS In this report an examination will be made of the production and logistics system of Dell Computer Corporation. The important aspects of Dell’sEmphasis will be placed on the following: How effective is the firms resource planning procedures? product/ service The key difficulties - potentialDells internal and external logistics process How technologies are beingpoints of failure in the Dell’s logistics process used or can be used to make the logistics function more efficient/effective? What is Dell Computers all about? Michael Dell founded Dell Computer Corporation in 1984 having only $1000 start-up capital. To date, his business has grown to become the second largest computer systems producer in the world, with average daily sales of more than $5 million. The ‘hub’ of Dells production system is based in the U.S (Round rock, Texas), while other factories are located in Nashville, Tennessee, Limerick, (Ireland), Penang, Malaysia, Xiamen, Chin a and Eldorado do Sul, Brazil. Dell has offices in thirty-four countries around the world and sells its products and services in more than one hundred and seventy countries. The table below provides a break down of Dells global market growth and position. Monetary values are quoted in US$ in millions. Continent Market Position Net Revenue as at January 28/2000 Annual Growth Rate Dell Americas Dell Europe/Middle East/Africa Dell Asia Pacific and Japan 1 2 7 17879 5590 1796 48% 24% 52% According to Dells forecast it is estimated that total revenue will amount to US$33 billion this year, where US$20 billion will be as a result of online transactions. (1) In the Appendix of this report, a consolidated statement of income on Dells financial position for the year ending 28/1/00 is presented. The important aspects of Dells Product and Service Dells core competency lies in customising its product – computer hardwar... Free Essays on Dell Free Essays on Dell Dell Computer Corporation SYNOPSIS In this report an examination will be made of the production and logistics system of Dell Computer Corporation. The important aspects of Dell’sEmphasis will be placed on the following: How effective is the firms resource planning procedures? product/ service The key difficulties - potentialDells internal and external logistics process How technologies are beingpoints of failure in the Dell’s logistics process used or can be used to make the logistics function more efficient/effective? What is Dell Computers all about? Michael Dell founded Dell Computer Corporation in 1984 having only $1000 start-up capital. To date, his business has grown to become the second largest computer systems producer in the world, with average daily sales of more than $5 million. The ‘hub’ of Dells production system is based in the U.S (Round rock, Texas), while other factories are located in Nashville, Tennessee, Limerick, (Ireland), Penang, Malaysia, Xiamen, Chin a and Eldorado do Sul, Brazil. Dell has offices in thirty-four countries around the world and sells its products and services in more than one hundred and seventy countries. The table below provides a break down of Dells global market growth and position. Monetary values are quoted in US$ in millions. Continent Market Position Net Revenue as at January 28/2000 Annual Growth Rate Dell Americas Dell Europe/Middle East/Africa Dell Asia Pacific and Japan 1 2 7 17879 5590 1796 48% 24% 52% According to Dells forecast it is estimated that total revenue will amount to US$33 billion this year, where US$20 billion will be as a result of online transactions. (1) In the Appendix of this report, a consolidated statement of income on Dells financial position for the year ending 28/1/00 is presented. The important aspects of Dells Product and Service Dells core competency lies in customising its product – computer hardwar... Free Essays on Dell The computer industry has enjoyed a tremendous growth in the 80’s and 90’s. The introduction of the Internet to the public had a major impact on this growth. First, the Internet created a new environment to conduct business online. The Internet gave a way to new start-up companies to do business online, therefore increasing the demand for network of computers. Second, public dependency to the Internet increased while they found a convenient way of shopping online. Public dependency on computers to gain access to the Internet also increased the demand for computers. Except for the relatively few companies that have been somewhat successful in managing their businesses reasonably well, the first few years in the 2000’s have been a struggle for most companies in the industry due to unstable market, fierce competition and over saturation of the market. As PC sales slow worldwide, computer companies have embarked on a broad campaign to gain market share- by cutting prices, introducing new product lines, and forming alliances with companies that can help them broaden their capabilities. Among those who seem to be surviving and planning to take advantage of the economical situation, include Dell Computer Corporation, IBM, Gateway and the Apple Computer Company. The paper will study Dell Computer Corporation and its business model, including many aspects of direct marketing introduced by Dell Computers will be analyzed. Market segmentation, competition, and business opportunities will also be analyzed along with recommendations for business expansion. E-Commerce Electronic commerce is defined as the delivery of goods, services, information, or payments over computer networks or by any other electronic means (e-business, 2002) The e-commerce isn’t just for tech-savvy shoppers anymore, having broadened its appeal to a majority of the population, the average online customer now expects more and is a harder sell, much like the...

Airline industry Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Airline industry - Coursework Example During off season the supply of air travel exceeds its demand. The airline industry has many positive effects over the economy. Airlines provide a fast and safe transportation method that allows humans to travel long distances in short periods of time. This method of transportation is perfectly suited to serve the needs of tourist. The tourism revenues of countries depend on the ability of airlines to bring tourist into their country. There are millions tourist coming into the United States every year. These tourists help the economy by spending money in the consumer markets. Another way the airline industry helps the economy is by carrying merchandise from one location to another. The international trade system depends on the airline industry to transport goods between countries. The airline industry also positively impacts the economy by generating thousands of jobs. The billions of dollars generated in revenues by the industry pay income taxes to local governments. The labor marke t for the airline industry is composed of different positions including pilots, stewardess, maintenance crew, security crew, engineers, ticket sales representatives, and management. The most important position in the airline industry is the pilots.

Does Modern Wedding Cost Too Much Research Paper

Does Modern Wedding Cost Too Much - Research Paper Example Although there are special cases of societal icons that have broken records in spending millions of dollars in wedding events, general spending by average people has increased tremendously. This paper seeks to provide succinct evidence to support the fact that modern weddings cost too much. Interestingly, planning of wedding events has become a fully functional industry that generates millions of dollars every year. Certainly, this has been primarily caused by the increase of busy lifestyles and consequently less time to spend organizing for wedding events. Couples have increasingly preferred to opt for wedding organizing services since there is increased money flow and less time to spend it due to busy lifestyles. Although the exact cost of holding a wedding event ranges from one country to another Sherrie claims, â€Å"The price for a wedding in the U.S, is $ 26, 400† (Sherrie 14). It is also claimed that the wedding â€Å"Cost will increase about 2.3% over already high 200 5 prices† (Sherrie 13). Although these statistics were taken in 2005, it can be posited that at present, costs have actually gone up further. There is overwhelming evidence indicating that the costs of modern wedding are actually high. According to a report by Fox, â€Å"the national average costs of using a wedding planner is approximately $3500 to $4000. For some couples, hiring a wedding planner is a crucial part of their wedding preparation† (Fox n.p). With the stresses of modern lifestyles, it is easy to understand why many couple opt for a wedding planner, it simply offers a relief. Although hiring a wedding planner increases the costs of the wedding, the relief offered is justified. With more people preferring wedding planner service to organize their wedding events, wedding planning business continue to flourish and offer better services thereby increasing the costs further. Holding of wedding events calls for hiring of special ceremony sites that will offer the wedding a sense of uniqueness. Renting of the ceremony sites especially for the reception, assuming that appreciable number of weddings are held in church, has increased with time. This causes an increase in overall wedding costs considering that a large percentage of the wedding resources will be spent on hiring exclusive ceremony sites such as lucrative hotels and recreational centers. According to estimates by Alliance Trust â€Å"The largest proportion of the wedding cost is spent on the hire of the venue, catering and drinks, this alone can swallow around 33% of the total cost† (Alliance Trust web). Another important aspect worth consideration, a precursor to rising wedding costs, is the upward shift in wedding age. According to Alliance Trust, â€Å"Our calculations put the average cost at ?20,000 – an onerous amount which could well explain why couples are delaying a wedding until they are more financially secure† (Alliance Trust web). This is clear evid ence that the modern society appreciates the importance of weddings to the extent that they would defer the wedding to a later date so that they could afford the increased wedding costs. A brief analysis of trends in wedding costs conducted by Wong posits, â€Å"The average price tag that is fast approaching $30,000 represents a 73 percent increase during the past 15 years† (Wong web). It is interesting to note that such a rise in spending costs can be attributed to change in lifestyle, personal

Lego The Famous Toy Brand In The World Marketing Essay

Lego The Famous Toy Brand In The World Marketing Essay Today, LEGO has turned into one of the most famous toy brands in the world this is a case study about a LEGO product and brand image. LEGO is only European country to occupy a place in the worlds top ten toy manufactures. LEGO products are produced in Denmark, the US, Switzerland and Korea and retailed through some 60,000 outlets in more than 130 countries. It is estimated that in the 50 years following its inception, some 203 billion LEGO element have been produced. The LEGO Company organizes its business into four main categories: the core business of play materials, family attractions, lifestyle products and media. LEGO external marketing environment- the marketing environment will present many opportunities and threats that can fundamentally affect all element of the marketing mix we saw in this case the most notable things concerning the external environment of LEGO is that it is viewed as a strong brand. It had been part of the toy market for so long. The product also has a unique selling point. Toy of LEGO is aiming to capture a creative imagination and also enable it to stand out in the market of dolls, cars, computer games etc so the company divides a product according to the customer needed. The management aims to ensure that at least one of every product LEGO sells is on offer in one of the outlets. Another positive aspect of the LEGO is the broad of products it sells and its ability to create products for children of all ages. They provide an opportunity for children. There has also been considerable extension of the brand to outside of the toy market. The company has also faced consid erable reductions in sales in several countries that have seen a downturn in their economic environment. One of the main ways the brand has branched out is through the introduction of LEGO based theme parks in several countries, including one in Windsor in UK. The main problem facing LEGO is the cultural change that is taking place in society as a whole. In todays world, children are much more attracted to the digital and technological world. Its management points out those only products of specific interest to children which match up to the companys stringent quality and standard are allowed to tolerate the LEGO brand. SWOT analysis chart Strengths A product with a history and to which all generations feel attached. Unique selling point capture a creative imagination, system of play and problems of society Famous brand worldwide. . LEGO main weakness key point is products may not be as successful in the market and Lack of efficiency in production creation of broken down products which require recall. Difficulties in management production with demand for the most popular LEGO lines. Opportunities have successfully introduced line extension, which should help make stronger the brand. More child-oriented products could be introduced under the brand name with the unique focus of the company, focus should be put on further thorough the media market, which is one of the major competitors in children entertainment. Now a days in this competitive world so many toys on the markets, many of which has more functions and are more difficult than LEGO and its connected products. When the child searching for the gift in local toyshop, hypermarket, toy superstore or even on the internet firstly they think about LEGO because there are more choice available for the children. The choices available to the child may be extremely diverse or quite constrained. Consumer decision making process to the marketing decision made by LEGO -attracting people or help the using that product LEGO build a theme park for LEGO makes a product according to the customer what they are need and they think as a consumer. Now today a parent, every one innovative LEGO understanding brings support memories of their childhood. LEGO established a reputation for quality, adopting the slogan Only the best is good enough. They craft a product according to the age range 0 to 16+ and its not easy task because todays time is globalization time younger group like that type of product who made with extra technology or who fit with their modern life However, remaining competitive in the fast-moving world of childrens toys means it must keep on within adjust with is ready to respond to the latest fads and fashions. For analyzing about product or invited to enjoy a variety of role playing experiences. Its also building and rides are designed with children in mind. They give to chance for children to use their product for educational establishments there is also a category of learning material. Although the format of the product and coverage of the range used to be very much similar, the creative imagination it was designed to capture was exactly same. They make a product what can be afforded, where the spending priorities lie and how a purchasing decision is made. They did not design that type of product, which is not cheaply nor do expensive means they developed a product according to the todays common family income how much they are spend or preferred of their product. The company is continually searching for innovative and exciting way to move forward. There is some statement which is defined how they work according to the customer needed- Conny stated there must be a shared vision throughout the company with a strong focus on the customer. This focus on the customer implied that LEGO had to clearly understand who its core customers are. So LEGO defined customer groups according to their level of affinity, starting with households that never or rarely buy LEGO products up to users who are true fans who spend a considerable amount on LEGO products. http://blogs.forrester.com/customer_experience/2009/11/lessons-from-lego-at-forresters-marketing-forum-emea-2009.html It is also make a product for educational establishments they also have categories for learning materials 7-16+ and developed a ranged called LEGO DAGTA that consists of products for kindergartens and schools. They make an innovative and engaging 30-hour curriculum introducing creative robotics to students in middle school. This student will be using humanities as a foundation for the exploration of past, present, and future inventions. The curriculum also includes a four-part Teachers Guide, activities correlated to national standards, digital resources, and reproducible student materials. Lego always build a reliable and such as type of product according to the gender. LEGO products aimed at the consumer are then split into eight different product programmes: LEGO PRIMO, LEGO DUPLO LEGO SGALA etc. The LEGO SAGLA and LEGO SYSTEM belville sets are especially designed for the needs of the girls. Market strategy: Lego is experiencing increasing challenges in the market mostly spurred by socio-cultural and technological issues that certainly impact on each. A current economic crisis, consumer behavior changes as well as technological improvements are forcing Lego to improve its marketing strategy. Pursuing a new strategy Shared Vision with the purpose to re-vitalize the Lego Brand as a synonym to creative building fun and role play Lego aims to sustain its competitive advantage in the toys industry (Company Profile 2007). Hence, a solution to these challenges might be seen in the pursuit of marketing activities establishing closer relations to stakeholders in order to sustain competitive advantage in the future. Theoretical Considerations Adhering to Hà ¥kanssons (2006) statement: No Business is an Island the theoretical framework guiding the analysis of Question 1 (Q1) will be a network perspective. According to Gulatis (2000) view: the economic environment becomes sharply more competitive, the firm The LEGO Company has been making great moves lately, moves that are building the online presence of the company and rewarding loyal customers. I remember playing with Legos as a child and they provided hours of entertainment Im very glad to see that the company and the Lego is healthy and growing, especially in this age of computers. Legos were one of the first toys I bought for my kids as I think its fantastic for childhood development and creativity skills. From  The Long Tail, LEGO has done many other things than simply selling a product, which they do well. They have invited participation from customers who become a limitless supply of product designers.  The LEGO Designer  allows people to create their own model, share it and purchase it. As a result there are thousands of customer-created models in all kinds of categories, and the Lego Designers choose their favorites to feature on the site. The cover story of  Wired  last February, LEGO opened up  development of Mindstorm Robotics.  Lego started by open sourcing the Mindstorm NXT software the core component of the robotics toolset. Coming later this summer, Lego will also release Firmware code for Software, Hardware and Bluetooth Developer Kits. This is an amazing story of how a toy company started with a simple product and grew to take advantage of the technology of the age. Not only the technology but they have and increased their audience from children to those of us children that havent yet grown up. The companys vision is to become the worlds strongest brand among families with children in year 2005. LEGO position itself as The Power to Create in the minds of children and adults. Problem recognition Buying Behaviors Children are an important part of the family buying process. In addition to the obvious role that the children play as the user, they are also the buyers of the future. Children who plays with LEGO may be able to hold on to the adult due to brand awareness and brand loyalty formed at their early age. As LEGOs core target market are children age 0-16+, the company face great challenges in developing products that appeal to the increasingly sophisticated demands of children. Children are moving into new markets. Children as young as seven input Read more:http://www.coursework.info/University/Business_and_Administrative_studies/Marketing/LEGO_has_been_around_since_1932__Today_L_L86258.html#ixzz0Z8IcCTSk Like every large company, Lego has a must culture you must do this; the open source developer community has a can culture I do this because I want to, because I can. The value of the outside-in model is that it brings a different culture inside your company. Toy maker Lego reported a 60% rise in net profit in the first six months of 2009 as it said parents were turning to its classic products in the recession.

??the Breakdown of Immune System

The Breakdown of Immune System Andy 1131400011 English? Liver Pool 2012. 10. 19 Diseases always suddenly burst into people’s lives and leave long-term scars for these patients. There are many diseases are so serious that have global influence in human history. As the article The Evolution and Breakdown of Immune System wrote, â€Å"The breakdown of immune system is one of the most frequent and dangerous diseases all over the world. (Jonsson, Brokstad, Hansen, Davies & Ulevestad, 2002)† It not only influences the patients, but impacts their families, and even worse, they may become the burden of the whole society.Every patient really suffers lots of pain when they fight with these kinds of diseases. They will simply influence your immune system, the guardian of your body, even destroy it. Patients may get sick and find it hard to recover once there have some disturbance come from the outside environment. AIDS is one of the most influential diseases of them. According to the dates from UNAIDS, in2010, there are totally 33. 3 million people who suffer lots of pain for AIDS in the earth (UNAIDS, 2010).People who get AIDS will become unbelievably vulnerable and can only lengthen their life under some medical help. The influence of these kinds of diseases will expand from personal to social. Patients’ families are the first who will bear the torture of worries and sadness. Immune system is hard to rebuild after break down so the patients’ families have to pay money for their treatment endlessly. Once they do not have enough money, the patient can only wait for the end of the life, which will bring families huge pain.Only in Africa, 23 million people who died because of AIDS in 2010 (UNAIDS, 2010). And there are millions of families suffer the hurt caused by AIDS. Not only the patients’ families will suffer a lot when they try to save the patients, the society also weighs down by the expenditure to treat patients. In 2009, US$ 15. 9 billion was used to get all kinds of available sources for HIV, but in 2010 there will have $ 26. 8 billion needed for HIV services, and the scholars said there will have a long period ncrease because of the growth of patients who is infected by AIDS (UNAIDS, 2010). Since extensive impacts caused by immune system breakdown, if we can find some causes of it, there may have some favorable change in our future. Based on its different causes, it is usually divided into three main parts: immunodeficiency, autoimmunity and hypersensitivity. Immunodeficiency is first type, which refers to diseases that can make the ability of immune system to fight infectious disease is compromised or entirely absent.Most cases of this kind of diseases are acquired but some people are born with defects in their immune system, or primary immunodeficiency. One example provided by Dr. Greenberg is the mix-use of things which can touch our body, such as syringe needles and toothbrush (Greenberg, 2009). So we s hould be careful to our actions in our daily lives. The second is autoimmunity, which contains diseases are caused by the failure of an organism in recognizing its own constituent parts as self, which allows an immune response against its own cells and tissues.It is often caused by a lack of germ development of a target body. The immune system may fight with each other regardless of the corporations. Some scientists regard overstress and overwork as two main reasons of these kinds of diseases (Clare, 2003). It means the irregular living style may lead to the breakdown of the immune system. Lastly is hypersensitivity. It refers to undesirable reactions produced by the normal immune system, including allergies. Many of them are caused by unhealthy living habits in our daily lives (Allen, 1999).Maybe some people always eat a lot once they find something is delicious, maybe they spend too much time in a certain environment, all these may cause the breakdown of our immune system. After w e are aware of the bad influences of immune system breakdown on patients, families and society; after we research and trace its causes and divide them into three main types, immunodeficiency, autoimmunity and hypersensitivity, we really hope that the breakdown of the immune system will leave less pain on people’s lives.But unfortunately, immune system breakdown is still one of the most destructive diseases in the world. Word count: 718 words Reference 1) JONSSON, R. R. , BROKSTAD, K. , HANSEN, T. T. , DAVIES, T. T. , & ULVESTAD, E. E. (2002). The Evolution and Breakdown of the Immune System: Implications for Development of Autoimmune Diseases*. Scandinavian Journal Of Immunology, 56(3), 323-326. doi:10. 1046/j. 1365-3083. 2002. 01158. x 2) Greenberg, S. (2009, 2). Immunodeficiency. Retrieved from http://www. utoronto. a/kids/Immunodeficiency. htm 3) UNAIDS. (2010, 12 23). The fact sheet on HIV for global report use. Retrieved from http://www. unaids. org/documents/20101123_FS _Global_em_en. pdf 4) Clare, A. (2003). The stranger within. New Scientist, 180(2421), 34. Retrieved from http://www. katewerk. com/chimera. html 5) Allen, C. (1999). Delayed type hypersensitivity: Current theories with an historic perspective. Dermatology Online Journal, 5(1), 7. Retrieved from http://dermatology. cdlib. org/DOJvol5num1/reviews/black. html