3 Non Traditional Religions Voodoo, Spiritualism, Essay Example For Students

3 Non Traditional Religions Voodoo, Spiritualism, Essay CultsReligion is essential specialist of social control in our general public. Because of its mutually held convictions and standards, we have an establishment on which we can rest the laws, values, and the primary regulation, of practically any general public. Here in America, we have colossal opportunity in both setting up and in picking our preferred religion. This opportunity has brought forth numerous non-conventional religions and practices. While talking about the subject of social control and request inside a general public, these non-conventional religions can be utilized unequivocally to realize social change inside an individual then into the populace. On the ascent in our country, is the rise of voodoo rehearses, the faith in mysticism, and numerous gatherings of factions. Every single one of these religions has the extraordinary capacity to impact the person in numerous mental and physical manners, definitely changing a people standards of conduct. While inciting these p rogressions upon the individual, numerous individuals can and typically will, surrender unequivocal misuse of themselves just as their financial assets. Voodoo, whose name got from the African word for soul (Origins of Voodoo), came to us through the European colonization of the West Indies. African clans were coercively dispatched abroad, basically to Haiti and other Caribbean lands, to be utilized as farming slaves. Upon the appearance in their new nation, the slaves were immersed into the Roman Catholic Church. In dread of revolt, the settlers isolated the numerous clans of slaves and had them scattered the whole way across the new land. This outcome was a blend of African slaves, compelled to live respectively, normally adjusting to every others ways of life, propensities, and convictions frameworks. The slaves had to go to a Catholic Mass all the time, be that as it may, huge numbers of the acclimatized clans kept on rehearsing their local religion. At the point when the pilgrims discovered this out, the oppression of numerous African slaves occurred. They were viciously beaten and executed for venerating their own divine beings , and not the one of the Catholic religion. It was through this abuse the clans didn't separate; rather, they met up and framed along with the normal obligation of their religion. The strict convictions and the customs from a considerable lot of the clans started it coordinate, eventually making another religion: Voodoo. Voodoo depends on the appearance of the soul world through the channel of the individual. This is accomplished through the demonstrations of customs in profoundly organized Voodoo functions, which are preformed by a Voodoo Priest. A male minister is alluded to as a Houngan, and a female is alluded to as a Mambo. There are two sorts of Voodoo or enchantment, utilized in Voodoo, White Magic, and Black Magic. White Magic includes the use of candles, oils, plants, and elixirs, to acquire certain things throughout everyday life. For instance, one may join in or play out a White Magic function to acquire influence, love, or cash. This custom or function is utilized in a positive way just, it causes no damage, nor does it represent any danger upon the individual or on others. Dark Magic or Red Voodoo, then again, includes insidious and hurtful acts. Dark enchantment is preformed by a Bokor, which is one who utilizes malicious demonstrations of witchcraft, including passing and zombie curses. A zombie revile includes a custom where the Bokor harms his human subject, bringing about death. Following three days, the dead is restored and turns into the Bokors endless slave (Haitian Voodoo Culture). The supporters of the Voodoo religion put stock in one Supreme Being, named Bondye. Under Bondye, there ar e many minor divine beings and Loas. A Loas alludes to the soul of somebody who has driven a remarkable life. The Loas practice command over nature, wellbeing, riches, satisfaction, and all success of humans. The human supporters and the Laos practice a reliance based relationship with each other. The Loas give flourishing, and the people give food, and other material articles to the Laos as a contribution. The raised areas that are each committed to one explicit Loa are included with candles, photos of the Loa, and whatever else alluding to the Loa. A prime case of a Loa is one named Zaka. Zaka is the god or soul of horticulture; he gives success over the yields of some random land. One should reach this Loa to guarantee plenitude in the years crop. Through the custom and the raised area, one may introduce a contribution of seeds, natural product, or a scoop. Consequently, the Loa will give wellbeing, fortune, and assurance of underhandedness spirits over his devotees. In the principle of Voodoo, the human spirit is comprised of two sections: the Gros-bon-ange and the Ti-bon-age. The Ti-bon-age is the piece of the spirit that leaves the body during rest and the part that can likewise be controlled by a Loa in a function. The Gros-bon-ange is the piece of the spirit, which upon death, rejoins with the sprit world and can be reused. It a typical confidence in Voodoo, that the spirit can be taken over by underhanded spirits when it is liberated from the body. It is through the demonstration of customs in services that a voodoo minister can reach the otherworldly world. A Voodoo service happens in a sanctuary called a Honfor. At the focal point of Honfor is a soul post called a Poto-Mitan. The Poto-Mitan speaks to the focal point of the universe and it is through this post, people can interface with the soul world. A voodoo service has a few key components that make it conceivable to associate with the soul world. A general voodoo function would be car ried on as follows:A gala would be held before the fundamental service. This gala may incorporate the sharing of food, and additionally liquor. The service will them start with the presentation of the Veve pennants or banners. A Hounsis (A Voodoo priestess), will bring these banners out and wave them around to aid the calling of Loa. The banners are made by the Houngan and are made out of silk or glossy silk material. They are enlivened with sequins, dots, and seed pearls. In the interim, out of sight there is a steady musicality of drumbeats. The music and moving assume a significant job in the service. It is through the music that one can be placed into a stupor like state and become controlled by the Loa. Inside the function, there are normally three specific drums utilized. Inside the function, their are commonly three drum utilized. The Manman, which is the biggest of the three, it is around three feet tall, and is pounding standing utilizing a little wooden mallet in one hand and the other exposed hand. The Segond drum, which is around two feet tall, is played by a situated drummer holding the drum between the legs. The drum is pounded utilizing two hands. The littlest drum is named bula. It is beaten utilizing two exceptionally long slight sticks. Moving is performed by the Houngan and Hounsis. The Houngan centers the move around the soul post. It is through the moving of the Houngan that power develops bringing about the Hounsis getting controlled by a loa. The Houngan additionally utilizes the guide of an Asson. An Asson is holy clatter built out of a gourd that is improved with coral and snake bones. The Houngan will likewise make a Veve, which is a sand painting. The Veve is developed on the floor of the Hounfor and is made around the soul post. The Veve is made out of flour or cornmeal and is committed to the Loa in which the function is being carried on. A Voodoo service may incorporate a creature penance. The Houngan may forfeit a goat, sheep, pi g, or chicken to fulfill the appetite of their Loa. The throat of the creature is cut, and the blood is gathered in an exceptional stylized cup, the Hounsis, or individual have, will at that point drink the blood. This is accepted to fulfill the appetite of the Loa. (Vodun (Voodoo))Haiti still remains the prevailing nation wherein Voodoo is drilled in. Voodoo had the option to unite numerous individuals in a period of distress and oppression. Consistently, numerous individuals have languished over their convictions in the Voodoo religion. Voodoo despite everything remains steadfast in numerous societies and is a predominant power in numerous people groups lives. Voodoo envelops the entire family and grasps the impact of progenitors in ones individual life. Voodoo isn't just a religion, however a lifestyle. The utilization of luxurious and visionary conventional services is utilized in numerous non-customary religions to show the domain of the profound world, directly here the charac teristic. As observed, Voodoo has its own particular methods of speaking with the otherworldly domain. Numerous different religions likewise utilize otherworldly things or objects of nature, as methods for rising above into the profound domain; which carries us to the following subject of mysticism. The Prevalent Issues of Surrogate Parenting EssayOut of the a large number of individuals who succumb to the influence of the clique lifestyle, not many departure this way of life. The individuals who do are uncovered with long tern mental impacts, making numerous issues for the person, as they attempt to straighten out to ordinary consistently life. Every now and again, faction survivors at first experience the ill effects of wretchedness. The reality of done having a place with a first class gathering, or not having a feeling of direction inside themselves, makes the people fall into huge burdensome states. The individuals who have been engaged with the faction for at some point will likewise experience the ill effects of dejection, as they have left their previous wellspring of family and kinship. Uncertainty is additionally a significant indication; ordinary choices become confused for this individual since everything had been recently chosen for them (what to wear, what to eat, and so forth.). What's more, dread of their previous clique rules inside them. At the very idea of disloyalty and the forced impacts on the off chance that it, leaves the person with a basic feeling of dread and frailty. Enduring individuals are energetically prescribed to get a type of mental guiding following leaving the religion. The individuals who do get advising have a snappier and a more prominent achievement in converging back

How far are you given the impression that Lady Macbeth is merely a “fiend like queen”? Essay

Malcolm considers Lady Macbeth a â€Å"fiend like queen† as he suspected of her as witch-like. Woman Macbeth depended on a genuine individual, albeit nobody truly knew what her identity was so Shakespeare made up her character and character. Elizabethans had faith in enchantment and black magic and they frequently blamed witches for anything awful that occurred and numerous witches were executed. Rascals and witches were frequently disapproved of, yet Elizabethans truly accepted that black magic was valid as were regularly terrified of witches and beasts as they didn't have the foggiest idea thus dreaded what they may do. A monster is thought to act in a plotting way, they frequently conceal their evilness and plan terrible occasions that they at that point deny or act blameless about later on. In Act one scene 5, Lady Macbeth gets a letter from her better half educating her regarding his achievement in a fight and the witches’ predictions. Subsequent to perusing the letter she is stressed that Macbeth is too delicate an individual to have the option to take the crown and is resolved to help him through the ‘valour of my tongue’. At the point when she hears a message that the King Duncan will remain in their stronghold short-term, she concludes that she needs to make a move with the goal that Macbeth can be above all else. She glories and conjures wicked spirits to solidify her determination and to decimate any shortcoming of pity. Woman Macbeth is as of now arranged for the demise of Duncan and her goals is outright. Macbeth’s seed of desire is catalyzed by his â€Å"fiend like† spouse Lady Macbeth, she uses his frail mental force and sends manipulative strategies to cause him to capitulate to her arrangement of regicide, she says â€Å"L ook like the honest bloom yet be the snake under it† (Act 1 sc 5 line 62). The serpentine symbolism utilized here by Shakespeare demonstrates Macbeth to resemble a â€Å"innocent flower† and Lady Macbeth is viewed as very devil like and as the â€Å"serpent under it†. Macbeth chooses to go to bat for himself without wanting to her, â€Å"we will have no further in this business † (Act 1 sc 5 line 50†²), be that as it may, Lady Macbeth forces him into agreeing to her arrangement demonstrating Macbeth to be the more vulnerable one. Woman Macbeth is viewed as more prevailing and in charge than him, she has control over him and job inversion shows up in this scene. Macbeth’s feeble mental force lets him down as Lady Macbeth exploits and overwhelms him. In this scene, Lady Macbeth seems merciless, completely dedicated and is happy to invest each push to take a stab at the more prominent magnificence of her significant other. She fears that Macbeth will let her down as he is too kind to even think about murdering â€Å"I dread thy nature, it is too full o’th’milk of human kindness† (act 1 sc 5 line 14). She sees his inclination to theorize and think round issues as a critical shortcoming. There is a component of her demeanor emphatically suggestive of the witches â€Å"that I may pour my spirits in thine ear†(Act 1 sc 5 line 24), she wishes to change his character. She conjures the spirits of insidiousness to â€Å"defeminise† her, â€Å"dehumanise† her and for haziness to conceal her arranged activity. Woman Macbeth causes Macbeth to feel like a weakling and questions his manliness and does everything she can to convince Macbeth to slaughter duncan, she undermines him by saying that she won't love him any longer in the event that he doesn't do it and discloses to him that it will be extremely simple, they won't get captured and that there are no dangers. She prevails as he is persuaded and goes through with it. Their customary jobs are turned around in this scene, as she is an exceptionally predominant and tough individual while he appears to be powerless, more vulnerable and all the more mindful. She is extremely unfeminine which might be because of a masculine childhood or the way that she is childless. She appears to be unnatural as a lady as it was consistently the woman’s obligation to have kids and to mind and take care of them. She menaces Macbeth into it by saying that he isn't a man and that he isn't sufficiently able to proceed with it. The language Shakespeare utilizes gives her discourse an exceptional desperation and assurance as she utilizes numerous goals for example fill, come and so forth. At the point when Macbeth shows up, there is little hint of charm from her and she drives him to see himself regarding her arrangement for power. There is extraordinary quickness in her language here â€Å"he that’s coming must be given for† (Act 1 sc 5 line 64) and she tends to him as he had been tended to by the witches. Woman Macbeth quickly comprehends the full ramifications of Macbeth’s letter and her reaction is immediate and inflexible. She needs Macbeth to be what he has guaranteed. No amenities of still, small voice or steadfastness appear to pounce upon her, and it is perceptible how she overpowers her significant other when he shows up. In act 1 scene 7, Lady Macbeth’s savage like and malicious character is obviously appeared. She totally controls Macbeth, she utilizes both her womanliness and her blamelessness as powerful convincing methods when she poses the inquiry â€Å"what brute was’t then That made you break this venture to me?†(Act 1 scene 7 line 46). The way that Lady Macbeth utilizes a female tone and uses her blameless situation here, most likely demonstrates her to be rascal like. This surge of control is reached to a determination when Lady Macbeth gives a pernicious proclamation saying â€Å"I would while the angel was all the while grinning in my face have culled my areola from his boneless gums and ran his cerebrums out had I so sworn as you have done this† (Act 1 sc 7 line 55). This devil like discourse totally resists the hallowed bond among mother and youngster, it additionally in finishes up a discussion in which Macbeth’s position is changed from â€Å"we will continue no further† (Act 1 sc 7 line 31) to â€Å"If we ought to fail† (Act 1 sc 7 line 59) in only twenty seven lines. This variety of influential manipulative procedures is so powerful it without any help overpowers Macbeth and long haul is the impetus for his defeat, accordingly indicating Lady Macbeth’s wanton nature and beast like character. In act 2 scene 2, Lady Macbeth appears to be increasingly questionable, she is apprehensive about the entire circumstance as she pauses, animated by wine having hauled out Duncan’ hirelings, for the arrival of her better half and the finishing of the homicide. Macbeth is practically crazy as it skirts on delirium, he can't remove himself from the scene in Duncan’s room. His better half who, holding onto control of the circumstance, finds that she needs to take the knifes back as Macbeth has evacuated them. She censures him. He can't come back to the area of the wrongdoing, as his perspective is so awful. The outrageous pressure is imparted to the crowd and Shakespeare does this well by the unexpected alters of course in the discourse of characters, the interferences â€Å"knock [within]†, the abrupt clamors, â€Å"[an owl shrieks]†, the inquiries and the outcries â€Å"Who’s there? What ho?† and â€Å"Murder!†. A thumping sound is heard and Lady Macbeth drives Macbeth out to wash the blood off his mind. The crowd feels caught in Macbeth’s anguish and, similar to Lady Macbeth, we battle to feel in charge of the circumstance. The way that Lady Macbeth required some liquor previously shows the crowd that she isn't as extreme and as full as mental fortitude and she describes. She wonderfully takes the knifes back. Woman Macbeth, notwithstanding some anxious anxiety, is the means by which she was described as in Act 1 scene 5 as she is strong, elated and brags about figuring out how to sedate the gatekeepers, she appears in full oversight of her and her better half †who manages the circumstance severely. She says that she would have had the option to submit the homicide herself on the off chance that it wasn’t for the way that Duncan was resting which helped her to remember her dad. Obviously she was extremely near her dad perhaps making her have some manly characteristics about her. Her status of brain and quality of direction makes up for the manner in which Macbeth acts and neglects to do what was asked of him. This regret appeared by Macbeth demonstrates his still dynamic soul in any case, it is subdued by Lady Macbeth when she says â€Å"These deeds must not be thought after it will make us mad†(act 2 scene 2 line 67). This reasonable articulation implies Macbeth can't currently free him from this descending cycle he has set out headed for extreme disappointment and now should capitulate to his desire. Ironicly Lady Macbeth envisions that washing the blood of ones hands will free the blame that is in ones brain, in any case, it is she who at long last can deal with this hypothesis and can't wash her hands clean. Her brutal remark towards Macbeth â€Å"infirm of purpose!† causes issues down the road for her, as he fortifies in underhanded determination, she turns out to be frantically self-destructive †foreseen in her cavalier remark â€Å"so, it will make us mad†. In Act 2 scene 3, the news is talked about. Woman Macbeth blacks out, and it isn't clear why she seems to do as such. Ladies in that day realized how to swoon very well at precisely the ideal time so as to escape an unsavory circumstance, for example, when a male communicated an indecency in her quality, individuals would not really accept that her black out was something other than an open motion. Another perspective on is that Macbeth had quite recently committed a major error, and so as to help him by diverting the consideration away from him onto her, she blacks out. In any case, she may have swooned because of the anxiety of the circumstance, so she may have not expected to do it. In Act 3 scene 2, Lady Macbeth understands that the arrangement for fulfillment that her and Macbeth looked for had not been accomplished. She turns out to be less and less rascal like because of her soul â€Å"haunting† her, she even goes similarly as saying â€Å"here’s the smell of blood still, not all the aromas of Arabia will improve this little hand†.

Breathless

Breathless On a weekday, I meet my friend Alberto H. ‘17, who I haven’t seen in a long while, for dinner. We live farther away from each other this year, and we’re all always busy, so this is, surprisingly, a rare chance. I ask him how his life’s been lately. He pulls out his cellphone, and explains his life to me in terms of his calendar schedule, which has everything on it from important academic and club activities to hangout time with friends. His whole life is parsed out into little hour and half-hour red blocks, many of which overlap. He talks me through how this week he’s been working with minority high school students visiting campus, TA-ing for a class or two, and applying to grad school a year early (because he is “one of those”, you might say). He runs through his hangouts at Wellesley with his friends there, tells me about his girlfriend, and we both get excited about the Amharic class he’s taking at Harvard. On our way out of the dining hall, I stop to get some coffee and he chats with a friend he runs into, and they start arguing about some physics test or pset question (he’s Course 8: Physics). “It’ll be 1/e, I’m sure of it!”, he yells back to her as we walk out. “I’m sad”, I say, “I feel like I haven’t seen you guys at all this year,” referring to our mutual group of friends who are all staying in the Hyatt. “Yeah,” he says, “and I might go to Italy for IAP. We’re all busy.” There’s a moment of quiet, after all the rapid talking we’ve been doing to catch up. “Love you bye!” he shouts, giving me a hug and leaving to go do whatever small, red block he’s got next. As I walk back to my dorm, I bump into one of my housemates, who tells me about her worries about her relationship. She doesn’t want to make it sound like her boyfriend is an extracurricular activity, but at the end of the day, she’s been stressed out trying to keep up with everythingclasses, activities, applicationsand she doesn’t know how to tactfully ask him to let her focus on her busy career and academic life for a second. A Facebook post from my friend, Pedro P. ‘17: “I didnt know I could run at this speed. Im on pace to have the busiest and most productive week of my life”. Yet another busy, hard working friend says while we are psetting 2.001 together, “I feel like it’s not just class that makes college hardif it were just school, I could handle it, but there’s all this other stuff on top of that”. She’s worried about being able to get a job to help pay for school, on top of doing a lot of great things with culture and advocacy clubs on campus. And I, myself? I was originally going to write and publish this post earlier, but this past week I became avalanched with work. I haven’t been posting as many blogs as I used to. I was feeling unwell and sick over the weekend, so I didn’t accomplish very much. Even though we had the day off Monday, all of my work was due on Tuesday, except 6.005, which I took an extension on. I slept four hours every night this week. Today, Friday, I’m really, really feeling the results. I planned to go to sleep and wake up early to do my 2.001 pset before it was duealas, my body betrayed me (or rather, revolted against my absurd demands of it) and I slept through my alarm. I woke up an hour and a half before class, wrote down some equations after looking through our class discussion site and handed whatever I had in. I could use this post as a platform to rant about why 6.005 should really be considered 22 credits instead of 12, but hold on. What most people don’t seem to understandboth about themselves and about othersis that even if you love what you do, that doesn’t mean it’s not hard, and that it can’t hurt you. You still need to separately take care of yourself, your social life, and your physical health apart from your passionswhich is what I’m now realizing. Even though I think this last week I’ve gotten the least amount of sleep than I ever have in maybe my whole life, and literally spent every other non-sleeping hour working (80% of which was on 6.005) I still, still think it’s a lot better than my freshman year here, and it’s been really incredible being able to do and accomplish everything that I have. I like my work a lot. Coding in 6.005 has become really interesting and intriguing, and my Mech E. classes make me appreciate math again (if only slightly). Being on the Chinese Students Club exec board has always been great, and I have a much better appreciation for the community that it provide s this year. The UROP I’m beginning in the MIT Media Lab is fascinating and, I think, will teach me a lot of practical skills. I’ve also been working a Federal Work Study job with a nonprofit called Be More America, which aims to solve racial inequalities in health care. As someone interested in advocacy and similar problems, I find the work fulfilling and the discussions interesting. I recently received an email question from John Clarke, of Virginia Tech. “What is the workload like?” is also a question of, “what counts as work?” Even when it comes to the actual, definite, academic workload, a lot of people really do like their classes. For me, spring semester freshman year was definitely an academic fire hose/waterfall/field of fire and flames/what have you, but sophomore year is a little different. I like my classes so much more; I actually want to learn and understand the material (which sadly I could not say was true of some of the general classes like 18.03), and I do feel I’m doing better in them than before, too. I don’t think there’s anyway for MIT to not be hard, but I actually think a lot of people take on, intentionally, more than they have to. Joining a club or community, for example, is not at all a requirement. Having a job is a gray areamany people really do need them to help pay for personal expenses, but sometimes some students just want to be a TA or do community service work study, and the money earned is more of a bonus than the main attraction, an addition to what they earned over the summer. And there’s a term, “FOMO”, or “Fear of Missing Out”, that I think also describes a lot of peopleit’s difficult to say “no” to things when actually, you really do want to do them, but simply don’t have the time. There are 1) only so many hours in a day and 2) we have physical limits (which I’ve been recently both pushing and discovering) (which is probably bad). We all have our different ways of balancing, however precariously, life and school. Except it’s not really just life and school. School isn’t really just schoolit’s classes you have to take, yes, but it’s also really cool research, projects you are passionate about, things that genuinely excite you and you really feel motivated to put time into. Then, there are clubs and communities: culture clubs, Greek life, student committees and executive boards you are on to try to help actually effect change or make a difference in this community, on issues that you care about. Groups where your obligation is not a grade, but your commitment to the community, and your relationships with others. Lastly, there are the least structured commitments, and therefore sometimes the areas that take the most hits: family, friendships, relationships. It’s best if you can work those last three things into academic and community lifehang out with your fraternity brothers at a house meeting, catch u p with a classmate at a BSU barbecue, whisper about your summer activities with an old floormate during a Course 2 advising presentation. But sometimes you can’t. It’s difficult to make time for people. The people in my life are very important to me, and I try very hard to make time to maintain my relationships with them. I try to have rulesfor example, if my time is not directly and definitely occupied (i.e, I would be doing something or other but I don’t actually have a scheduled commitment) I don’t refuse an invitation from someone to hang out. I’ll never refuse lunch or a coffee run. If I am busy, I try to find a way to visit/hang out/eat food later the same day or the next. But sometimes, some of my friends that have also been operating in their own spheres of academics, communities, activities, life. Instead, I need to extend invitations to them sometimes, and it takes extra effort to remember to do this. And sometimes, while we are together, they are still checking their email, updating calendars, fitting everything into everything else a little bit too tightly, so that school and clubs overflows into hangout time. It’s a weird mix of being honestly, genuinely happy, and yet feeling stressed about workload and time. This is the most rigorous and exciting challenge of our whole life thus far. College students (all college students) are high capacity individuals, pushed to the highest limits of their capacity. It is exciting to have to use your brain that way, to stretch your mind in corners you didn’t know existed in your skull, to just grow, soaking up all this knowledge and all these experiences. To learn so quickly that you look back and realize you sort-of-mastered Python in only three weeks, which you could not have done in any other environment. To see your ideas for your clubs and communities actually happen, to hold that event, to start that new student group, to actually have participation from a lot of people. Sometimes people clamoring, slow down for your own good! (although they are perfectly right) dont realize that for many of us, this is what we want to be doing. This is what we came here to do. It’s just that, at least on occasion, we need to slow down, and stop, and breathe. (A view from the boat where MITCSC held our Utopia event. When we pulled back into the harbor I took a moment just to look at everything, between all the craziness of planning.)   Note: I posted a more poetic version of this post on Tumblr, if youd like to see it, its here Note #2: Im posting this as-is (typos and all) to reflect my mental state as I was writing it throughout the week Note #3: 6.005 really should be 22 credits -___-

Pecking Trade Off Theory - 2114 Words

Analyse the pecking order and the trade-off theories of capital structure and assess the extent to which these are supported by the empirical evidence. Pecking Order - Introduction The pecking order theory ( Donaldson 1961) of capital structure is among the most influential theories of corporate leverage. The pecking order theory is based on different of information between corporate insiders and the market. According to Myers (1984), due to adverse selection, firm prefer internal to external finance. If internal finance proves insufficient, bank borrowings and corporate bonds are the preferred source of external source of finance. After exhausting both of these possibilities, the final and least preferred source of finance is†¦show more content†¦For example, if the public thinks that the firm’s prospects are rosy but the managers see trouble ahead, these managers would view their debt-as well as their equity-as being overvalued. That is, the public might see the debt as nearly risk- free, whereas the mangers see a strong possibility of default. If external financing is required, the â€Å"safest† securities, namely debt, are issued first. Although investors fear mispricing of both debt and equity, the fear is much greater for equity. Corporate debt still relatively little risk compared to equity because, if financial distress is avoided, investors receive a fixed return.. Thus, the pecking order theory implies that, if outside financing required, debt should be issued before equity. Only when the firm’s debt capacity is reached should the firm consider equity. Also, the stock market tends to react negatively to announcements of new common stock offerings, whereas debt security announcement tend to have little impact on stock prices. As a additional external financing is needed, the firm will work down the pecking order – from safe to more risky debt, then possibly to convertible debt, and finally to common equity as a last resort. Empirical Specification A recent strand of the empirical literature attempts to design a test for the pecking order (Shyam-Sunder and Myers, 1999; Frank and Goyal, 2003; Watson and Wilson,2002;Lemmon and Zender,2003). Shyam-Sunder and Myers(1999)Show MoreRelatedAnalysis of Trade-Off and Pecking Order Theory on Companys Capital Structure2615 Words   |  11 PagesIntroduction In many recent studies, it has a growing concern whether pecking order or trade-off theory can give better determination on firms’ â€Å"optimal† capital structure in different scenarios. In trade-off theory, it helps to determine the debt proportion and maintain optimal balance in order to maximise company’s market value. 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What Makes A Good Writing - 1588 Words

Successful authors go through many great lengths in order to make great quality writing , but it s hard to say what considers being good writing. Defining what is considered to be good writing can have many different meanings. It can depend on many different factors like the quality of the writing the word choices, style and how it grabs the reader s attention. My theory of writing is that in order to make good writing you first have to think about the reader and next you consider why you are writing at all. When you are writing you have to make sure that you are answering the reader question. You always have to be able to anticipate the reader questions, and be able to be one step ahead. You have to know why you are writing in the first place so knowing the purpose of the writing is a good start. The two things you should take into account at all times when you are writing who is the audience, the purpose you must be fully aware of these two things so, you don t get off topic. It re quires your full attention in order to be successful at writing and you can’t talk about too many different things. You have to make sure that your writing is not to board because if it is you can get lost of the main focus of the paper. I understood that in order to make good writing you have to have no errors it has to be perfect. The paper has to be free of any grammar mistakes, surface errors, clichà ©s, it cannot be full of mistakes. Your style of writing is very important it can alwaysShow MoreRelated What Makes Good Writing? Essay612 Words   |  3 Pagesits an opinion, and there are very many types of writing. Different structures, ideas, metaphors, and concepts. You have to remember to ask, whether the writing in itself is good in my point of view or not, has to answer to my specific guidelines which in your case might not be the same. The first and foremost of the many guidelines is how the author sets up the introductory sentence or better yet, the hook. 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Why Did the Founding Fathers Create a Constitution Based Free Essays

Why did the founding fathers create a constitution based on the ideas of separation of powers, checks and balances, federalism and the bill of rights? The founding fathers wanted to create a constitution because many believed that the national government had to be stronger than what it had been with the use of the Articles of Confederation. But at the same time they were fearful of human nature and how often it could be seen in the history of other countries such as Britain, for people in the position of power to infringe on the rights of others, by becoming hungry with power. Taking this into account, they wanted to create a government with another power to keep order and to govern. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Did the Founding Fathers Create a Constitution Based or any similar topic only for you Order Now But also make sure there were sufficient checks put in place so that the government could never exercise power that threatens individual liberties. The constitution created a government with a written set of rules to follow which it could not infringe upon. This in itself was one way to create a limited government, which is a main factor in why the founding fathers created a constitution. The Founding fathers also wanted to divide power in different ways, in another attempt to prevent its future abuse. The three main concepts within the constitution are separation of powers, cheques and balances, and federalism. The founding fathers originally debated where power should ultimately lie; Alexander Hamilton suggested that a unitary system would be the best. This is where the power lies with the central authority; many knew that this would never work, as the country is far too big and diverse. There were even hints at a monarchy but George Washington quickly made his feelings on the idea open. It is an idea I must view with adherence and reprimand with severity’ George mason on the other hand was in support of a confederate system, this is where the states would be split up , and then all have to agree on individual issues. There are very few examples of a confederate system working, and it is clear to see why it would not work in in America, as it would be very di fficult to get all the states to agree on individual issues, due to the diversity of the country. The solution to this problem was suggested by James Madison, which was quite simply a mixture of the two systems unitary and confederate. This is where power is divided between central and state government. National or delegated powers are powers only exercised by the national government, examples of this today would be the right to print money, and the right to declare war. Some examples of concurrent or shared powers are the right to borrow money, and make and enforce law. An example of a state or reserved power is the right to regulate intrastate commerce or create corporation laws. This was done for two main reasons, the first being to limit centralised power, and presidential power, and secondly so that states would agree to the constitution. The states also agreed for two other reasons , one being the Connecticut compromise, and the other being the Bill of rights , which most American historians just count as part of the original constitution, but it wasn’t actually added till 4 years later, Madison claimed it was important as ‘You must specify your liberties’. The Connecticut compromise was created to keep the small states happy, so that they would agree to the constitution. The geographically small states wanted representation based on population, not on size of state, when the biggest states with the smallest population wanted it to be based on the flat rate. So the political compromise was that in the House of Representatives, representation was based on population, and in the senate it was based on the geographical size of a state. The bill of rights is a document that American historians claim is part of the original constitution, although it was sent off to the individual states 4 years later. It was there to clearly show the rights of the people, so that they could never be taken away. The 1st amendment included freedoms such as freedom of assembly and free speech or the 2nd amendment which is the right for everyone to bear arms. It is often shouted out by gun associations when the government tries to put restrictions on the ownership of guns. The founding fathers put this in place so that it would outline in more the detail the precise freedoms of the people, which also helped to convince the smaller states. The constitution splits the power given to national government into three branches, which are separate from each other: the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary. The separation of powers was based on the ideas of Montesquieu, with him ‘L’esprit de lois’ which means the spirit of the law. The executive plays the role of administrating law. The president does this in many ways , for example he; executes federal laws and programs, conducts foreign policy , commands the armed forces, negotiates treaties and other such roles. Checks and balances another main factor of the constitution comes in here, as the people get to keep a check on the president every 4 years with the presidential election, which stops any tyranny of powers. This can also be seen in another branch of government. The legislature passes law, this is done through congress. Congress is made up of the Senate and the House of Representatives. Its roles include; regulating interstate and foreign commerce , creating and maintaining the armed forces , printing money, declaring war , and other such roles. The power here is limited in two ways, which is exactly what the founding fathers wanted; it’s done through a 6 year change of the senate, which rotates 1/3 of its members for election every 2 years. This is also done in the House of Representatives, as they have to run for re-election every 2 years, this means that representatives have to get things the public want done, or they can just be kicked out. This keeps power in the hands of the many, which is also how they wanted to constitution to work. The last branch is the Judiciary, its role is to interpret and enforce the law. It is able to stay separate from the other branches, as it operates heavily outside the government, but also because ‘nothing maintains the independence of the judiciary more than its permanency in office’. It is also tied to the other two branches, as if the president wants to pass a law, it must get through congress and through the Supreme Court, as they can rule it unconstitutional, so the founding fathers created a system so that every branch was a check on each other, this also creates a system, where politics becomes the art of compromise. This system of checks and balances means that all the branches have to work together, and have to compromise. Congress holds its check on the president in different ways, such as; Congress is able to impeach and remove a president, although impeachment does require a 2/3 majority of house, and removal 2/3 of the senate. Congress can also override a presidential veto, this also requires a 2/3 majority in both houses, but this system means that no one branch can hold far more power than another which is another example of why the founding fathers chose such a system. It also holds other powers such as rejecting treaties which limits presidential foreign policy. Congress also holds checks over the judiciary. It can do this by proposing constitutional amendments, and impeaching and removing judges with the 2/3 majority in the senate. This also shows us that the judiciary can never hold too much power over the president or congress, which is another example of how the founding fathers wanted the constitution to work. There are also powers given to the other two branches of government, which help to keeps checks, so that they can all counter each other with enough majority. But a problem with this is that it can lead to political gridlock, and this means very little can get done, which is not what the founding fathers intended. To conclude, the founding fathers created a constitution that meant that power could never be held within the hands of the few, but with the many. It also created checks on power in every branch of government, not just from the people, but from the branches themselves acting as checks against each other. They had wanted to create a system that worked this way, because of the tyranny that could be seen in other countries. This is why George Washington destroyed any idea of a monarchy, he wanted the United States of America to be founded on principles the promoted compromise, and freedom, and equality. It was also meant to act as a block on any future tyranny, or corruption of power, but it also creates problems in itself, as it can lead to political gridlock, but no political system is perfect. How to cite Why Did the Founding Fathers Create a Constitution Based, Papers

The Scarlet Letter Puritan Society Essay Example For Students

The Scarlet Letter Puritan Society Essay ?In Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter, life iscentered around a rigid Puritan society in which one isunable to divulge his or her innermost thoughts and secrets. Every human being needs the opportunity to express how he orshe truly feels, otherwise the emotions are bottled up untilthey become volatile. Unfortunately, Puritan society did notpermit this kind of expression, thus characters had to seekalternate means to relieve their personal anguishes anddesires. Luckily, at least for the four main characters,Hawthorne provides such a sanctuary in the form of themysterious forest. Hawthorne uses the forest to provide akind of shelter for members of society in need of a refugefrom daily Puritan life. In the deep, dark portions of the forest, many of thepivotal characters bring forth hidden thoughts and emotions. The forest track leads away from the settlement out into thewilderness where all signs of civilization vanish. This isprecisely the escape route from strict mandates of law andreligion, to a refuge where men, as well as women, can openup and be themselves. It is here that Dimmesdale openly acknowledges Hester and his undying love for her. It is alsohere that Hester can do the same for Dimmesdale. Finally, itis here that the two of them can openly engage inconversation without being preoccupied with the constraintsthat Puritan society places on them. To independent spiritssuch as Hester Prynnes, the wilderness beckons her: Throwoff the shackles of law and religion. What good have theydone you anyway? Look at you, a young and vibrant woman,grown old before your time. And no wonder, hemmed in, as youare, on every side by prohibitions. Why, you can hardly walkwithout tripping over one commandment or another. Come tome, and be masterless. (p.186) Truly, Hester takes advantage of this, whe n ArthurDimmesdale appears. She openly talks with him about subjectswhich would never be mentioned in the town. What we didshe reminds him, had a consecration of its own. We felt itso! We said to each other! This statement shocks Dimmesdaleand he tells Hester to hush. Had they been in the town andoverheard, the minister would be put to death. Realizingthat, in the open environment of the forest, he can expresshis true emotions. Dimmesdale can say and do things heotherwise might not be able to. The thought of Hester andDimmesdale having an intimate conversation in the confinesof the society in which they live is incomprehensible. Yethere, in the forest, they can throw away all reluctance andfinally be themselves under the umbrella of security whichexists. In Puritan society, self reliance is stressed amongmany other things. However, self reliance is more thanstressed- it is assumed. It is assumed that you need onlyyourself, and therefore should have no emotional necessityfor a should er to cry on. Once again, for people in thestations of life which Hester and Dimmesdale hold, it would be unthinkable for them to comfort each other. Yet, inthe forest, these cares are tossed away. Be thou strong forme, Dimmesdale pleads. Advise me what to do. (p. 187)This is a cry for help from Dimmesdale, finally admitting hecannot go through this ordeal by himself. With this pleacomes an interesting sort of role-reversal. When Dimmesdaleasks for help, he is no longer sustaining the belief that heis above Hester. He is finally admitting that she is anequal, or even that she is above him. This is possibly oneof the reasons that Puritans wont accept these emotional displays- because the society is so socially oriented. .u2449a88c0f42a1478c61f5a6d0d60b47 , .u2449a88c0f42a1478c61f5a6d0d60b47 .postImageUrl , .u2449a88c0f42a1478c61f5a6d0d60b47 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2449a88c0f42a1478c61f5a6d0d60b47 , .u2449a88c0f42a1478c61f5a6d0d60b47:hover , .u2449a88c0f42a1478c61f5a6d0d60b47:visited , .u2449a88c0f42a1478c61f5a6d0d60b47:active { border:0!important; } .u2449a88c0f42a1478c61f5a6d0d60b47 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2449a88c0f42a1478c61f5a6d0d60b47 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2449a88c0f42a1478c61f5a6d0d60b47:active , .u2449a88c0f42a1478c61f5a6d0d60b47:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2449a88c0f42a1478c61f5a6d0d60b47 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2449a88c0f42a1478c61f5a6d0d60b47 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2449a88c0f42a1478c61f5a6d0d60b47 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2449a88c0f42a1478c61f5a6d0d60b47 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2449a88c0f42a1478c61f5a6d0d60b47:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2449a88c0f42a1478c61f5a6d0d60b47 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2449a88c0f42a1478c61f5a6d0d60b47 .u2449a88c0f42a1478c61f5a6d0d60b47-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2449a88c0f42a1478c61f5a6d0d60b47:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Skoda Auto - International Business EssayHester, assuming a new position of power, gives a heartfelt,moving speech. The eloquence of her words cannot beoveremphasized, and a more powerful statement had yet to bemade in the book. Hesters speech turns out to bear aremarkable resemblance to one of Dimmesdales sermons. Begin all anew! Preach! Write! Act!(p. 188) Thequestions she asks are also like the articulate questionswhich Dimmesdale would pose during his sermons. The answeris obvious, yet upon closer examination they seem to giveunexpected results. Whither leads yonder forest-track?Backward to the settlement, thou sayest! Yea; but onward,too! Deeper it goes, and deeper into the wilderness until, some few miles hence, the yellow leave will show no vestige of the white mans tread. (p. 187) If one looksat the title of this chapter, the meaning becomes muchclearer. The Pastor and His Parishioner reveals